clinical psych final
training requirements
Clinical psychologists need a doctorate degree (either a PhD or PsyD)
and need to have state licensure (the licensing requirements differ by
state as each requires different EPPP scores, and most require
continuing education units to stay licensed).
flexner report (1910)
Muck-raking investigation of 155 medical schools in the US and
Canada called out low quality education that produced an
overabundance of doctors,
asserting that only 31 of the medical schools were suitable. JHU Medical
School served
as the model medical school. From 1915-1930, America's medical
schools dropped
from 96 to 76. This large-scale reform led to standardized care, which
became
framework for the beginnings of clinical psychology.
boulder conference (1949)
Training model that puts equal emphasis on science
and practice and establishes that training fully prepares psychologists to
either work in academia or enter clinical practice.
effects of wwi
Psychologists developed Army Intelligence Tests to assign men ranks in
armed forces. After the war, there became a huge rise in demand of
treatment for "shell shock," now called PTSD.
effects of wwii
Intelligence and personality tests persisted and there was a high
demand for treatment for "Battle Fatigue" which is now PTSD. There
was a huge need for treatment so the VA set up training programs,
,practicum sites, and internships for clinical psychologists through the
1970s, and the VA became the largest employer of clinical
psychologists.
privacy and confidentiality
Respect and protect privacy and confidentiality of client information.
Psychologists need to be upfront about when confidentiality needs to be
breached, which are if the client poses a danger to self, danger to
others, indicates child or elder abuse, if the client is a minor, or if
something from the session gets used in court.
duty to warn
Psychologists have a duty to warn when 3 conditions are met: 1) the
patient has communicated to the psychologist a threat of physical
violence they intend to carry out, 2) the threat is serious, 3) the victim(s)
to the threat are reasonably identifiable. To carry out the duty,
psychologists need to make reasonable efforts to communicate the
threat: 1) to the victim(s), 2) to the police.
tarasoff case
UC Berkeley student Prosenjit Poddar told a psychologist he planned to
kill his former girlfriend, Tatiana Tarasoff. The psychologist provided
written and oral warnings only to the campus police, who then
interviewed the released Poddar. Poddar then killed Tarasoff before the
family learned anything about the threats. Tarasoff's parents sued UC
Berkeley, which established the duty to warn in California.
baker act
Allows individuals at imminent risk of self-harm to be held against their
will for 48-72 hours so that they can be safely monitored.
reliability
, How consistently the test measures variables of interest. Broader than
validity.
validity
A test measures what it promises to measure. Is for sure reliable as well.
incidence
The rate of new onsets of a disease that develop within a population
over a given period of time
prevalence
The total number of cases, both new and old, of a disease within a
population.
cross sectional
In a correlational study, individuals, or different groups of individuals, are
assessed at one point in time. A research group is compared to a control
group.
longitudinal
In a correlational study, same individuals or groups of individuals are
assessed at two or more points in time. Pros: Helps us understand
associations over time. Cons: Costly, takes a long time, participants may
be hard or impossible to locate over time.
between groups
In an experimental study, one group receives treatment and another
does not.
within group
training requirements
Clinical psychologists need a doctorate degree (either a PhD or PsyD)
and need to have state licensure (the licensing requirements differ by
state as each requires different EPPP scores, and most require
continuing education units to stay licensed).
flexner report (1910)
Muck-raking investigation of 155 medical schools in the US and
Canada called out low quality education that produced an
overabundance of doctors,
asserting that only 31 of the medical schools were suitable. JHU Medical
School served
as the model medical school. From 1915-1930, America's medical
schools dropped
from 96 to 76. This large-scale reform led to standardized care, which
became
framework for the beginnings of clinical psychology.
boulder conference (1949)
Training model that puts equal emphasis on science
and practice and establishes that training fully prepares psychologists to
either work in academia or enter clinical practice.
effects of wwi
Psychologists developed Army Intelligence Tests to assign men ranks in
armed forces. After the war, there became a huge rise in demand of
treatment for "shell shock," now called PTSD.
effects of wwii
Intelligence and personality tests persisted and there was a high
demand for treatment for "Battle Fatigue" which is now PTSD. There
was a huge need for treatment so the VA set up training programs,
,practicum sites, and internships for clinical psychologists through the
1970s, and the VA became the largest employer of clinical
psychologists.
privacy and confidentiality
Respect and protect privacy and confidentiality of client information.
Psychologists need to be upfront about when confidentiality needs to be
breached, which are if the client poses a danger to self, danger to
others, indicates child or elder abuse, if the client is a minor, or if
something from the session gets used in court.
duty to warn
Psychologists have a duty to warn when 3 conditions are met: 1) the
patient has communicated to the psychologist a threat of physical
violence they intend to carry out, 2) the threat is serious, 3) the victim(s)
to the threat are reasonably identifiable. To carry out the duty,
psychologists need to make reasonable efforts to communicate the
threat: 1) to the victim(s), 2) to the police.
tarasoff case
UC Berkeley student Prosenjit Poddar told a psychologist he planned to
kill his former girlfriend, Tatiana Tarasoff. The psychologist provided
written and oral warnings only to the campus police, who then
interviewed the released Poddar. Poddar then killed Tarasoff before the
family learned anything about the threats. Tarasoff's parents sued UC
Berkeley, which established the duty to warn in California.
baker act
Allows individuals at imminent risk of self-harm to be held against their
will for 48-72 hours so that they can be safely monitored.
reliability
, How consistently the test measures variables of interest. Broader than
validity.
validity
A test measures what it promises to measure. Is for sure reliable as well.
incidence
The rate of new onsets of a disease that develop within a population
over a given period of time
prevalence
The total number of cases, both new and old, of a disease within a
population.
cross sectional
In a correlational study, individuals, or different groups of individuals, are
assessed at one point in time. A research group is compared to a control
group.
longitudinal
In a correlational study, same individuals or groups of individuals are
assessed at two or more points in time. Pros: Helps us understand
associations over time. Cons: Costly, takes a long time, participants may
be hard or impossible to locate over time.
between groups
In an experimental study, one group receives treatment and another
does not.
within group
