CELS191 - University of Otago

CELS191 - University of Otago 5' G gap - correct answersA modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule Acellular microorganism - correct answersA microorganism composed of only a few organic molecules, lacking cellular structure and most characteristics of life. They must utilise the chemical and structural components of the cells they infect and cannot carry out their own metabolic pathways Active Transport - correct answersThe movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy Adhesion - correct answersA process in bacterial infection when microorganisms attach themselves to host cells Adhesion factors - correct answersA variety of specialised structures or attachment proteins (adhesions) that allow pathogenic bacteria to adhere to their target host cell Aerobic respiration - correct answersA catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP. This is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic cells and many prokaryotic organisms. Allele - correct answersAny of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects Amino acid - correct answersAn organic molecule serving as the monomer of polypeptides. Anaerobic respiration - correct answersA type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen Anaphase - correct answersThe fourth stage of mitosis, in which sister chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell Aneuploidy - correct answersA chromosomal abbration (anomaly) in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number anoxygenic photosynthesis - correct answersA form of photosynthesis in which molecular oxygen (O2) is not produced Anti-parallel - correct answersReferring to the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (they run in opposite 5' S 3' directions