AQA Biology Paper 1 Questions and Erro-free Answers

AQA Biology Paper 1 Questions and Erro-free Answers 23 pairs - ANSWER-number of chromosomes .23 pairs - ANSWER-The number of chromosomes a human cell has .4 groups of pathogens - ANSWER-bacteria - e.g. cholera fungi - e.g. athletes foot Virus - e.g. flu protozoa - e.g. malaria .50 - ANSWER-The number of times a cell can divide approximately .50 - ANSWER-The number of times a cell can divide approximately .absorbed - ANSWER-When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood. .absorbed - ANSWER-When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood. .absorbed - ANSWER-When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood. .active immunity - ANSWER-when the body produces antibodies as a response to an infection or vaccine .active transport - ANSWER-Using energy to push substances across a membrane .Adaptation - ANSWER-A characteristic of an organism developed through evolution .Adaptation - ANSWER-A characteristic of an organism developed through evolution .adapted - ANSWER-When something has a particular characteristic to help it do a function (job).. .Aerobic respiration - ANSWER-producing energy from glucose and oxygen Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water happens in mitochondria in cells .aerobic respiration (air-rO-bick) - ANSWER-A type of respiration that needs oxygen. Releases energy from a sugar (glucose) and produces carbon dioxide as a waste gas. .allele - ANSWER-a version of a particular gene .Allele - ANSWER-The different forms of a gene .Allele - ANSWER-The different forms of a gene .amylase (am-e-laze) - ANSWER-An enzyme found in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar. .Anaerobic respiration - ANSWER-producing energy from glucose without oxygen e.g. mammal -> lactic acid some bacteria -> methane yeast -> ethanol .anaerobic respiration (an-air-rO-bick) - ANSWER-A type of respiration that does not need oxygen. .antibiotic (ant-ee-by-ot-tick) - ANSWER-Medicine that can kill bacteria but not viruses. .antibiotics - ANSWER-a group of drugs that kill bacteria by targeting specific processes e.g. penicillin inhibits cell wall production these do not have any effect on any other microorganisms .antibody - ANSWER-Protein made by the immune system which binds to antigens and either blocks their function or acts as a signal for cells of the immune system to attack. .antibody - ANSWER-Small chemicals made by some white blood cells. They attach to microbes and help to destroy them. .Antigen - ANSWER-Any foreign substance in the body .antigen - ANSWER-Something that trigger an immune response. .antiseptic - ANSWER-Weak disinfectant safe to use on human skin. .anus - ANSWER-The opening at the end of the gut. .appendix - ANSWER-Small tube branching off the large intestine. It has no function in humans. .artery - ANSWER-Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. .axon - ANSWER-the long central part of a neurone .B Cells - ANSWER-Part of the specific immune system. These produce antibodies to help attack invading microorganisms .bacterium (plural = bacteria) - ANSWER-A type of microbe bigger than viruses (around 0.5-2micrometers). . These have a cell wall and a looped genome instead of a nucleus. They also may contain smaller loops of DNA called plasmids. .balanced diet - ANSWER-Eating a wide variety of foods to give us all the things that we need. .binocular vision - ANSWER-eyes on front of head gives smaller range of vision but better depth perception (judging distance) usually found in hunters .bioaccumulation - ANSWER-the build up of a substance (usually a toxin) as it passes through a food chain .Bioaccumulation - ANSWER-the build up of a substance (usually a toxin) as it passes through a food chain .biodiversity - ANSWER-a measure of the number of species in an environment .biomass - ANSWER-The mass of material (except water) that makes up an organism. .Blastocyst - ANSWER-What the zygote is called at the 16th cell stage .Blastocyst - ANSWER-What the zygote is called at the 16th cell stage .blood - ANSWER-Liquid that flows around the body carrying various substances which are either made by the body or needed by the body. .blood vessel - ANSWER-Tubes in which blood flows. There are capillaries, veins and arteries. .breed - ANSWER-A set of animals that are in some way different from other members of the same species. .breeding - ANSWER-To mate two organisms of the same species to produce offspring. .Bubonic plague - ANSWER-Carried by fleas on rats caused by bacteria Yersinia Pestis Killed 60-80% of europe's population in the 1500's Also known as the black death .budding - ANSWER-The way yeast cells divide. A new small cell (a bud) starts to grow out from another cell. .caffeine (caff-een) - ANSWER-A stimulant that increases the speed at which nerves carry impulses. Found in coffee, tea and cola drinks. .Cancer - ANSWER-a condition caused by cells reproducing uncontrollably forming a tumour .capillaries (cap-pill-arr-ees) - ANSWER-Tiny tubes that carry blood. These are so small because they allow substances to pass in and out easily. .carbohydrate (car-bO-high-drate) - ANSWER-Substance found in food that is used for energy. .carnivore - ANSWER-organism that eats animals .Causes of extinction - ANSWER-habitat destruction, introduced species, pollution, climate change .Causes of extinction - ANSWER-habitat destruction, geographical isolation, introduced species, overexploitation of species, pollution, climate change .Cells in a leaf - ANSWER-Waxy cuticle Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Epidermis & guard cells .cellulose - ANSWER-A substance used to make cell walls. .central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-Brain and spinal cord .Centriole - ANSWER-structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division .Centromere - ANSWER-The central section of the chromosome where the microfibrils attach .Centromere - ANSWER-The central section of the chromosome where the microfibrils attach .cervix - ANSWER-Ring of muscle at the neck of the uterus in females. This only opens for a few days each menstruation cycle. .characteristics - ANSWER-The features of an organism.