INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE #10
Marx conflict theory marco - correct answer social inequality- the unequal distribution of
wealth, power or prestige among pple in society
Bourgeoisie- owners; class of modern capitalists
Proletariat- workers
Weber conflict theory marco - correct answer rationalization- applying economic logic to
all human activity
Disenchantment- result of the dehumanizing features of modern societies
Power come from more than 1 source
Merton functionalism macro - correct answer manifest function- obvious, intended
functions of social structure for social system
Latent functions- less obvious; unintended functions of a social structure
Dysfunctions- disturbance to or undesirable consequence of some aspect of the social
system
Durkheim functionalism macro - correct answer two different types of society bonds
Mechanical- pre-modern societies are held together with shared traditions and beliefs
Organic- industrial societies are held together by the division of labor that creates
interdependence
Believed pple could suffer from Anomie if they were not bound to society
Spencer functionalism marco - correct answer survival of the fittest
Societies evolve through time by adapting to changing environment
Social Darwinism
Functionalism - correct answer paradigm based on the assumption that society
functions as a whole b/c of the contributions of its separate structures
See change as bad
Symbolic Interactionism - correct answer Sees interaction and meaning as central to
society and assumes that meanings are not inherent but rather are created through
interaction; always society constructed
Conflict theory - correct answer sees social conflict as the basis of society and social
change
Emphasizes a materialist view of society
Status quo
Dynamic model of historical change
, Microsociology - correct answer concentrates on face-to-face interactions in order to
understand how they affect the larger patterns and institutions of society
Macrosociology - correct answer Study society by looking at larger scale social structure
in order to determine how it affects the lives of groups and individuals
Development of self Goffman theory - correct answer meaning is constructed through
interaction
Dramaturgy- compare social interaction to the theater; take on roles and act them out
for an audience
Development of self Mead theory - correct answer self develops through several stages
Starts in childhood
-preparatory stage
-play stage
-taking role of the significant other
-game stage
Development of self Cooley - correct answer believed your sense of self depends on
seeing yourself reflected in interactions with others.
Looking-glass self= self develops through perception of others evaluation and appraisal
of US
Ascribed Status - correct answer status we are born with that is unlikely to change
Master Status - correct answer status that override all others and affects all other
statuses that we possess.
Achieved Status - correct answer status we have earned through individual effort or that
is imposed by other
Qualitative Research
And method of research that fall in this category - correct answer uses nonnumerical
data like texts, photos, interviews and recordings to help understand social life.
-Participation observation
-Case studies
-Ethnographies
Quantitative research and method of research that fall in this category - correct answer
translates the social world into numbers that can be studied mathematically
-Cross-Sectional studies
-Comparative studies
-Longitudinal studies
-Surveys studies
Experiments?
Marx conflict theory marco - correct answer social inequality- the unequal distribution of
wealth, power or prestige among pple in society
Bourgeoisie- owners; class of modern capitalists
Proletariat- workers
Weber conflict theory marco - correct answer rationalization- applying economic logic to
all human activity
Disenchantment- result of the dehumanizing features of modern societies
Power come from more than 1 source
Merton functionalism macro - correct answer manifest function- obvious, intended
functions of social structure for social system
Latent functions- less obvious; unintended functions of a social structure
Dysfunctions- disturbance to or undesirable consequence of some aspect of the social
system
Durkheim functionalism macro - correct answer two different types of society bonds
Mechanical- pre-modern societies are held together with shared traditions and beliefs
Organic- industrial societies are held together by the division of labor that creates
interdependence
Believed pple could suffer from Anomie if they were not bound to society
Spencer functionalism marco - correct answer survival of the fittest
Societies evolve through time by adapting to changing environment
Social Darwinism
Functionalism - correct answer paradigm based on the assumption that society
functions as a whole b/c of the contributions of its separate structures
See change as bad
Symbolic Interactionism - correct answer Sees interaction and meaning as central to
society and assumes that meanings are not inherent but rather are created through
interaction; always society constructed
Conflict theory - correct answer sees social conflict as the basis of society and social
change
Emphasizes a materialist view of society
Status quo
Dynamic model of historical change
, Microsociology - correct answer concentrates on face-to-face interactions in order to
understand how they affect the larger patterns and institutions of society
Macrosociology - correct answer Study society by looking at larger scale social structure
in order to determine how it affects the lives of groups and individuals
Development of self Goffman theory - correct answer meaning is constructed through
interaction
Dramaturgy- compare social interaction to the theater; take on roles and act them out
for an audience
Development of self Mead theory - correct answer self develops through several stages
Starts in childhood
-preparatory stage
-play stage
-taking role of the significant other
-game stage
Development of self Cooley - correct answer believed your sense of self depends on
seeing yourself reflected in interactions with others.
Looking-glass self= self develops through perception of others evaluation and appraisal
of US
Ascribed Status - correct answer status we are born with that is unlikely to change
Master Status - correct answer status that override all others and affects all other
statuses that we possess.
Achieved Status - correct answer status we have earned through individual effort or that
is imposed by other
Qualitative Research
And method of research that fall in this category - correct answer uses nonnumerical
data like texts, photos, interviews and recordings to help understand social life.
-Participation observation
-Case studies
-Ethnographies
Quantitative research and method of research that fall in this category - correct answer
translates the social world into numbers that can be studied mathematically
-Cross-Sectional studies
-Comparative studies
-Longitudinal studies
-Surveys studies
Experiments?
