Hesi Milestone exam 1 questions and answers
Histamine1 blockers action(mine, zine, dine) - correct answer ---bind selectively to H1-
histaminic receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating - correct answer ----mild allergies(seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies(anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action(tidine) - correct answer ---block the H2
receptors responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia - correct answer ----can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching - correct answer ----teach about s/s of
hypoglycemia(cold and clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes - correct answer ----insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - correct answer ----tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
-fatigue
antitussives therapeutic action is to - correct answer ---Act on the cough control center
in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex; used for a cough that is nonproductive and
irritating
A GRADED
, Anaphylaxis‐PCN - correct answer ----laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe
hypotension= immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment - correct answer ---epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory
support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
correct answer ---vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? - correct
answer ---observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be administered -
correct answer ---an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively
larger doses until the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment - correct answer ----Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action - correct answer ----decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow
intestinal transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine and
increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia - correct answer ----Inhibition of aldosterone release
(secondary to inhibition of angiotensin II production) can cause potassium retention by
the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium supplements,
salt substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching - correct answer ---1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2
hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
Methadone therapeutic use - correct answer ---Relief or prevention of moderate to
severe pain while causing minimal respiratory depression, constipation, urinary
retention, and other adverse effects.
methadone pain assessment - correct answer ----Assess pain before administration and
1 hour later
-Determine the location, time of onset, and quality of pain (e.g., sharp, stabbing, dull)
A GRADED
Histamine1 blockers action(mine, zine, dine) - correct answer ---bind selectively to H1-
histaminic receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating - correct answer ----mild allergies(seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies(anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action(tidine) - correct answer ---block the H2
receptors responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia - correct answer ----can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching - correct answer ----teach about s/s of
hypoglycemia(cold and clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes - correct answer ----insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - correct answer ----tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
-fatigue
antitussives therapeutic action is to - correct answer ---Act on the cough control center
in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex; used for a cough that is nonproductive and
irritating
A GRADED
, Anaphylaxis‐PCN - correct answer ----laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe
hypotension= immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment - correct answer ---epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory
support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
correct answer ---vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? - correct
answer ---observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be administered -
correct answer ---an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively
larger doses until the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment - correct answer ----Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action - correct answer ----decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow
intestinal transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine and
increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia - correct answer ----Inhibition of aldosterone release
(secondary to inhibition of angiotensin II production) can cause potassium retention by
the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium supplements,
salt substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching - correct answer ---1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2
hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
Methadone therapeutic use - correct answer ---Relief or prevention of moderate to
severe pain while causing minimal respiratory depression, constipation, urinary
retention, and other adverse effects.
methadone pain assessment - correct answer ----Assess pain before administration and
1 hour later
-Determine the location, time of onset, and quality of pain (e.g., sharp, stabbing, dull)
A GRADED
