1. What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excessive carbohydrate intake
D. Obesity
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease
that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas.
2. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved
in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
,Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators,
leading to anaphylaxis.
3. Which of the following is a feature of iron
deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytic RBCs
B. Normocytic RBCs
C. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
D. Spherocytes
Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to smaller, paler red
blood cells.
4. What is the primary pathology in achalasia?
A. Hypertrophy of the gastric wall
B. Autoimmune damage to parietal cells
C. Loss of esophageal peristalsis and LES relaxation
D. Overproduction of gastric acid
Answer: C
,Rationale: Achalasia involves failure of the lower
esophageal sphincter to relax and loss of motility.
5. A patient with polyuria, polydipsia, and a fasting
glucose of 130 mg/dL likely has:
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. SIADH
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated fasting glucose and symptoms
are consistent with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
6. Which of the following diseases is most
associated with non-caseating granulomas?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Sarcoidosis
C. Histoplasmosis
D. Syphilis
Answer: B
, Rationale: Sarcoidosis is characterized by non-
caseating granulomas in affected tissues.
7. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
8. Which hormone is most deficient in central
diabetes insipidus?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH (vasopressin)
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
Answer: B
mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excessive carbohydrate intake
D. Obesity
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease
that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreas.
2. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved
in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
,Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators,
leading to anaphylaxis.
3. Which of the following is a feature of iron
deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytic RBCs
B. Normocytic RBCs
C. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
D. Spherocytes
Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to smaller, paler red
blood cells.
4. What is the primary pathology in achalasia?
A. Hypertrophy of the gastric wall
B. Autoimmune damage to parietal cells
C. Loss of esophageal peristalsis and LES relaxation
D. Overproduction of gastric acid
Answer: C
,Rationale: Achalasia involves failure of the lower
esophageal sphincter to relax and loss of motility.
5. A patient with polyuria, polydipsia, and a fasting
glucose of 130 mg/dL likely has:
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. SIADH
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated fasting glucose and symptoms
are consistent with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
6. Which of the following diseases is most
associated with non-caseating granulomas?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Sarcoidosis
C. Histoplasmosis
D. Syphilis
Answer: B
, Rationale: Sarcoidosis is characterized by non-
caseating granulomas in affected tissues.
7. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
8. Which hormone is most deficient in central
diabetes insipidus?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH (vasopressin)
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
Answer: B
