Crjs 360 Practice Exam

Aggression - Answer-Any behaviour towards another individual that is carried out with a proximate (immediate) intent to cause harm Violence - Answer-Aggression that has extreme harm as its goal (e.g., death) Social learning theory - Answer-Theory of crime proposed by Ron Akers that suggests that people commit crime not only as a result of direct reinforcement for criminal behaviour through a process of operant conditioning but also through vicarious reinforcement by observing others being rewarded for their criminal behaviour. First-degree murder - Answer-Planned and deliberate or if victim is a peace officer (e.g., police officer) or a prison employee (e.g., correctional officer, institutional parole officer) or if the victim's death is caused while committing or attempting to commit hijacking of an aircraft, sexual assault, kidnapping, hostage taking, criminal harassment, terrorist activity, use of explosives in association with a criminal organization, or intimidation Second-degree murder - Answer-Murder that is not first-degree Mass murderer - Answer-Single location with no "cooling off period" Spree murderer - Answer-Two or more locations with no "cooling-off period," often occurs in context of another crime Serial murderer - Answer-Different locations, three or more victims, with "cooling-off period," and most are male, kill alone, are white, and usually victimize young female strangers 4 major types of serial murderers. - Answer-Visionary, mission-oriented serial murderer, hedonistic, and power/control Visionary killer - Answer-Psychotic and suffers severe break with reality with an inner voice or apparition that commands him or her to kill Infanticide - Answer-When a female, by a willful act or omission, causes the death of her newly-born child Two subtypes of mission-oriented serial killers - Answer-Demon-mandated and God-mandated Multiple murders is usually defined as - Answer-killing three or more victims