AS paper 1 inorganic and physical chemistry (Tuesday 16th may 2023) / AQA 2023 AS CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Question Paper & Mark scheme 2024 UPDATE

AS paper 1 inorganic and physical chemistry (Tuesday 16th may 2023) / AQA 2023 AS CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Question Paper & Mark scheme 2024 UPDATE Give the full electron configuration of the element in period 3 with the highest first ionisation energy. - ANSWER-1s2 2s2 2p6 3p6 Give an equation, including state symbols to represent the process that occurs when the second ionisation energy of sodium is measured. - ANSWER-Na⁺(g) → Na²⁺(g) + e⁻ Describe the structure and bonding in magnesium - ANSWER-It is a lattice of Mg²⁺ ions held together by their attraction for a 'sea' of delocalised electrons. State the trend in the atomic radius of the elements down Group 2 from Mg to Ba. Give a reason for this trend. - ANSWER-Trend: Increases Reason: Each successive element has an additional shell of electrons. Give an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of magnesium with steam. State two observations from this reaction. - ANSWER-Equation: Mg(s) + H₂O(g)→MgO(s) + H₂(g) Observation 1: bright white flame Observation 2: white solid residue formed The sulphates of elements in Group 2 from Mg to Ba have different solubilities. State the formula of the least soluble of these sulphates. Give a use for this sulphate. - ANSWER-Formula: BaSO₄ Use: barium meal for x-rays A mixture of gases is analysed using TOF mass spectrometry. The mixture contains argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen. The mixture is ionised buy electron impact. Identify the ion formed from this mixture that reaches the detector last. Justify your answer. - ANSWER-Ion that reaches the detector last: CO₂⁺ Justification: Ion with the highest m/z ratio travels slowest. So charge must be +1, CO₂⁺, has highest relative mass (at 44). The temperature of the equilibrium mixture is decreased. Predict the effect, if any, on the value of Kc Give a reason for your prediction - ANSWER-Prediction: Increases Reason: exothermic reaction is favoured to replace the lost heat, forward reaction is exothermic so the equilibrium shifts to the right and kc increases. Which atom contains the most neurons? A- ⁵⁴Cr B- ⁵⁵Mn C- ⁵⁷Fe D- ⁵⁸Ni - ANSWER-C Explain why the electronegativity of the halogens decreases down the group - ANSWER-Shared pair of electrons will be further from the nucleus of the halogen atom and more shielded from the nucleus so the strength of attraction for that shared (bonding) pair decreases. Concentrated sulphuric acid reacts with solid sodium chloride and with solid sodium bromide. State one similarity in, and one difference between, these reactions. - ANSWER-Similarity: Undergo an acid-base reaction to produce HCl or HBr. Difference: NaBr also undergoes redox reaction where the Br⁻ reduces H₂SO₄ to SO₂. State the meaning of the term electron impact ionisation. - ANSWER-High energy electrons are fired at gaseous atoms to knock an electron off each, causing them to become positive ion. A student completes a titration to determine the concentration of ethanoic acid in vinegar. 25.0 cm³ of vinegar of transferred to a conical flask using a pipette. A few drops of phenolphthalein are added to the conical flask. Sodium hydroxide solution is added from a burette to the conical flask. The titration is repeated until concordant results are obtained. A- Rinsing the conical flask with vinegar between each titration B- Rinsing the conical flask with sodium hydroxide solution between each titration. C- Rinsing the conical flask with water between each titration. D- Not rinsing the conical flask between each titration - ANSWER-C A student completes a titration to determine the concentration of ethanoic acid in vinegar. 25.0 cm³ of vinegar of transferred to a conical flask using a pipette. A few drops of phenolphthalein are added to the conical flask. Sodium hydroxide solution is added from a burette to the conical flask. The titration is repeated until concordant results are obtained. A- use a more dilute solution of sodium hydroxide in the burette. B- Use a more dilute solution of vinegar C- Rinse the inside of the conical flask with distilled water during each titration D- Rinse the tip of the burette with distilled water near the end point in each titration - ANSWER-A Which molecule has a permanent dipole? A- NCL₃ B- CCl₄ C- PF₅ D- SF₆ - ANSWER-A State how ions are detected, and how the abundance of each ion is measured, in a TOF mass spectrometer. - ANSWER-How ions are