HIEU 322 Midterm people with verified answers

HIEU 322 Midterm peoplePolybius - correct answer Personal life: Born around 200 B.C.; Greek hostage taken to Rome in 167 B.C. Great work: Histories, 40 books covering from 220-146 B.C.: the years of Rome's wars with Carthage First scientific history (tradition of Herodotus and Thucydides, Herodotus went to archives, talked to people who fought in the battles. Did not write with an agenda or dismiss people who were on the opposing side) Why his history is good - Believed a mere factual narrative was not sufficient, and that the historian should instead evaluate causes and connections to provide a useful explanation of what happened - Rejected the Hellenistic attitude toward history writing as entertainment, and criticized by name historians whose books included mythical genealogies, tragic drama, or emotional scenes - Set high standards of analysis of sources, geographical and political knowledge, and practical experienced - Believed the ideal historian should search for truth, and be well prepared for the task Requirements for historians - Political experience - Geographical knowledge (preferably through personal travels) - Personal examinations of archives, inscriptions, and treaties Early in his writings, he attributed Rome's rise to Chance or Fortune (Tyche)--an unpredictable, superhuman power as the primary force in history. Later, as he grew to admire the Romans, he attribute their world dominance to national character and institutions. As the Republic grew corrupt, he again modified his views, falling back to Fate as the cause of recurrent historical cycles Cyclical view of history: Anarchy - Monarchy -Aristocracy - Democracy - Anarchy... Cicero - correct answer 106-43 BC Statesman, philosopher, gifted speaker, lawyer, suppressed a conspiracy against the republic in the 60s BC when he served as consul. 57 speeches constitute one of our richest contemporary sources from 81-43 BC Partisan, but provides accurate factual material in many areas such as Roman law, the judicial system, political institutions and constitutional history, economic and social life, taxation, public finances, provincial administration Livy - correct answer 59 B.C.-A.D. 17 History of Rome to 9 BC in 142 books supplanted all previous chronicles, hailed as a colossal masterpiece Augustus Caesar was his patron, who provided him with the leisure to write his history Rumored to be the tutor of young Claudius Wanted to reform Rome through history's moral lessons. Emphasized ancient virtues, heroism, patriotic sacrifice, and religious piety. Not the aim of simply critical inquiry Tacitus - correct answer AD 55-117 Lawyer from a prominent Roman family who served under Domitian and his successors. Wrote Annales (18 books, covering the years 14-68 AD) and Historiae (we books dealing with the events of the years 69-96 A.D.). His work are the most trustworthy source for the history of the early Principate. Both factual and critical Approach to History - Wrote to pass moral and political judgements on the past and thereby affect the future - Didn't really care about sociological or economic explanations, but more concerned with political life, the loss of liberty, and the pathology of power