Module 1 & 2 Questions And Answers

1. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Read the entire question carefully before answering and identifying what the question is seeking. Do not skim over the words or read them too quickly. Þ When reading the question pay attention to keywords. 2. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Do not read into the question. Only use the information provided by the examiner to answer the question without making any assumptions or adding more information in the question. 3. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Read all the answer choices. Þ Narrow down options to 2 possible right answers. Þ Partially correct answers are not the correct answer. Þ When two answer choices are the opposite of one another, one is usually the correct answer. Þ The right answer option might have the same word(s) as the test question; it can be the same word or synonym of the word. Þ Choose client-focused answers. · Best Answer/Choice: Answers that acknowledge a patient's feelings and makes the patient feel heard. Þ When many response choices are remarkably similar in meaning, they usually are wrong. Þ Be wary of absolutes: all, only, always, every, must, never, none, everything, nothing, etc. usually wrong. 4. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Questions that use adjectives like "priority," "Initial action," test your ability to prioritize. Þ Airway, Breathing, and Circulation, Þ Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (physiological needs (food, water, warmth, rest), safety, and security, etc.). Þ Nursing Process (Assessment before intervention). Assessment is collecting data to support the problem towards a resolution. 5. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Safety for the patient and others is usually the right answer. 6. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Culture is important to be included in all nursing care. 7. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Critical thinking is important. 8. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Interprofessional collaboration is encouraged. Refer Out Lithium (0.6-1.2 mEq/L) (PB pg. 180) - ANS Lithium toxicity can occur when this level reaches 1.5 mEq/L or higher. What is the normal value of lithium? - ANS 0.6-1.2 mEq/L What medication is the gold standard when treating manic episodes? - ANS Lithium Which medication for the treatment of Bipolar 1 has evidence of anti-suicidal effects? - ANS Lithium Which medication is neuroprotective treatment of choice for bipolar? - ANS Lithium Baseline labs to get before initiation of lithium to ensure safety and efficacy (PB pg. 180) - ANS · Thyroid panel (TSH) · Serum creatine (0.6-1.2 mg/dl) · Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (10-20 mg/dl) · Pregnancy test (human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) · ECG for clients older than age 50 Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Endocrine - ANS Hypothyroidism Weight gain Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Central nervous system - ANS Fine hand tremors Fatigue Mental cloudiness Headaches Coarse hand tremors occur with toxicity Nystagmus Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Dermatological - ANS Maculopapular rash Pruritis Acne Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Gastrointestinal - ANS GI upset Diarrhea Vomiting Cramps Anorexia Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Renal - ANS Diabetes insipidus: Polyuria, Polydipsia Edema Microscopic tubular changes Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Cardiac - ANS T-wave inversions Dysrhythmia Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Hematologic - ANS Leukocytosis (Increases WBCs) Signs of Lithium toxicity - ANS Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, confusion, convulsions, drowsiness, blurred vision, slurred speech, muscle weakness, heart palpitations, coarse hand tremors, and unsteadiness while standing or walking (ataxia). What is the intervention of lithium toxicity? - ANS DC Li and check serum Li levels Hypertensive crisis (PB pg. 157) - ANS Hypertensive crisis occurs when MAOIs are taken in conjunction with foods containing tyramine, a dietary precursor to norepinephrine. Hypertensive crisis is life-threatening and cannot be reversed unless... - ANS more MAO is produced by the body. Hypertensive crisis and death also can occur when MAOIs are taken in conjunction with what certain medications: - ANS Þ Meperidine Þ Stimulants and other sympathomimetics Þ Decongestants Þ Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Þ Atypical antipsychotics Þ St. John's wort Þ L-tryptophan Þ Asthma medication Symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis (PB pg. 157) - ANS · Elevated blood pressure · Sudden, explosive-like headache, usually occipital region · Facial flushing · Palpitations · Pupillary dilation · Diaphoresis · Fever Symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis (PB pg. 157) Treatment - ANS · DC the offending agent (MAOI) · Administer phentolamine · Stabilize fever Teratogenic risks of common psychiatric medications (PB pg. 118, last paragraph) - ANS · Benzodiazepines: Floppy baby syndrome, cleft palate. · Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Neural tube defect. · Lithium (Eskalith): Epstein anomaly (congenital heart defect). · Divalproex sodium (Depakote): Neural tube defects, specifically spina bifida. What is the pregnancy risk for benzodiazepines? - ANS Floppy baby syndrome, cleft 1. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Read the entire question carefully before answering and identifying what the question is seeking. Do not skim over the words or read them too quickly. Þ When reading the question pay attention to keywords. 2. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Do not read into the question. Only use the information provided by the examiner to answer the question without making any assumptions or adding more information in the question. 3. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Read all the answer choices. Þ Narrow down options to 2 possible right answers. Þ Partially correct answers are not the correct answer. Þ When two answer choices are the opposite of one another, one is usually the correct answer. Þ The right answer option might have the same word(s) as the test question; it can be the same word or synonym of the word. Þ Choose client-focused answers. · Best Answer/Choice: Answers that acknowledge a patient's feelings and makes the patient feel heard. Þ When many response choices are remarkably similar in meaning, they usually are wrong. Þ Be wary of absolutes: all, only, always, every, must, never, none, everything, nothing, etc. usually wrong. 4. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Questions that use adjectives like "priority," "Initial action," test your ability to prioritize. Þ Airway, Breathing, and Circulation, Þ Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (physiological needs (food, water, warmth, rest), safety, and security, etc.). Þ Nursing Process (Assessment before intervention). Assessment is collecting data to support the problem towards a resolution. 5. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Safety for the patient and others is usually the right answer. 6. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Culture is important to be included in all nursing care. 7. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Critical thinking is important. 8. Test Taking Strategies - ANS Interprofessional collaboration is encouraged. Refer Out Lithium (0.6-1.2 mEq/L) (PB pg. 180) - ANS Lithium toxicity can occur when this level reaches 1.5 mEq/L or higher. What is the normal value of lithium? - ANS 0.6-1.2 mEq/L What medication is the gold standard when treating manic episodes? - ANS Lithium Which medication for the treatment of Bipolar 1 has evidence of anti-suicidal effects? - ANS Lithium Which medication is neuroprotective treatment of choice for bipolar? - ANS Lithium Baseline labs to get before initiation of lithium to ensure safety and efficacy (PB pg. 180) - ANS · Thyroid panel (TSH) · Serum creatine (0.6-1.2 mg/dl) · Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (10-20 mg/dl) · Pregnancy test (human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) · ECG for clients older than age 50 Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Endocrine - ANS Hypothyroidism Weight gain Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Central nervous system - ANS Fine hand tremors Fatigue Mental cloudiness Headaches Coarse hand tremors occur with toxicity Nystagmus Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Dermatological - ANS Maculopapular rash Pruritis Acne Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Gastrointestinal - ANS GI upset Diarrhea Vomiting Cramps Anorexia Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Renal - ANS Diabetes insipidus: Polyuria, Polydipsia Edema Microscopic tubular changes Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Cardiac - ANS T-wave inversions Dysrhythmia Side effects of Lithium (PB pg. 181) Hematologic - ANS Leukocytosis (Increases WBCs) Signs of Lithium toxicity - ANS Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, confusion, convulsions, drowsiness, blurred vision, slurred speech, muscle weakness, heart palpitations, coarse hand tremors, and unsteadiness while standing or walking (ataxia). What is the intervention of lithium toxicity? - ANS DC Li and check serum Li levels Hypertensive crisis (PB pg. 157) - ANS Hypertensive crisis occurs when MAOIs are taken in conjunction with foods containing tyramine, a dietary precursor to norepinephrine. Hypertensive crisis is life-threatening and cannot be reversed unless... - ANS more MAO is produced by the body. Hypertensive crisis and death also can occur when MAOIs are taken in conjunction with what certain medications: - ANS Þ Meperidine Þ Stimulants and other sympathomimetics Þ Decongestants Þ Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Þ Atypical antipsychotics Þ St. John's wort Þ L-tryptophan Þ Asthma medication Symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis (PB pg. 157) - ANS · Elevated blood pressure · Sudden, explosive-like headache, usually occipital region · Facial flushing · Palpitations · Pupillary dilation · Diaphoresis · Fever Symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis (PB pg. 157) Treatment - ANS · DC the offending agent (MAOI) · Administer phentolamine · Stabilize fever Teratogenic risks of common psychiatric medications (PB pg. 118, last paragraph) - ANS · Benzodiazepines: Floppy baby syndrome, cleft palate. · Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Neural tube defect. · Lithium (Eskalith): Epstein anomaly (congenital heart defect). · Divalproex sodium (Depakote): Neural tube defects, specifically spina bifida. What is the pregnancy risk for benzodiazepines? - ANS Floppy baby syndrome, cleft