TNCC Study Guide

TNCC Study Elaborated 100% Abrasion - -A partial or full thickness wound that denudes the skin -Commonly occurring with falls and bicycle or motorcycle collisions -Can be mild to severe -Road burn or abrasions, resulting in a low side crash or laying down a motorcycle--large surface area Are vasoconstrictors and vasopressors indicated in hemorrhagic shock? - NO Avulsion - -Full thickness wounds caused by a tearing or ripping of skin and soft tissue -Wound edges are not well approximated -Often fingers, scalps, noses and can occur as a result of working with machinery or from MVCs -Degloving Biomechanics - The general study of forces and their effects Contusion - -A closed wound in which a ruptured blood vessel or capillary bed hemorrhages into the surrounding tissue Define an unstable pelvis fracture and list the presenting clinical findings - -Unstable pelvic fractures are two or more fractures of the pelvic ring that have outward rotational displacement -Shortening on the leg -Blood at the urinary meatus or hematuria -Pelvic instability and/or pain -Unexplained hypotension or evidence of hypovolemic shock Define and list three types of primary brain injury - Primary injuries result from a direct transfer of energy -Skull and craniofacial fractures -Intracranial lesions (contusions or mild TBIs) -Lacerations, tearing, and shearing injuries and bleeding into the brain (epidural or subdural hematoma) Define and provide assessment findings for post concussive syndrome - -Manifests several days or months after the head trauma -Signs and symptoms usually resolve but may persist for long periods of time -Nausea -Dizziness and persistent HA -Memory and judgment impairment, as well as attention deficits -Insomnia and sleep disturbance -Loss of libido -Anxiety, irritability, depression, and emotional lability -Noise and light oversensitivity -Attention or concentration problems Define anisocoria - Unequal pupils (25% population); a benign physiologic condition Causes: trauma, uncle herniation, oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy, medications, and some nebulizers (ipratropium) Define damage control surgery and its purpose - -A shift from rapid definitive surgery and complete repair to surgery tat is intended to stop the bleeding, restore normothermia, and treat coagulopathy and acidosis -In other words, resuscitation from the trauma triad -Damage control surgery is recommended to last no longer than 90 minutes -Definitive injury repair is accomplished later during planned or staged operations after the patient has been further resuscitated, stabilized, and warmed in the ICU Define hyperoxia and the pulse oximetry parameters used to monitor it - *Hyperoxia:* refers to an excess supply of oxygen in the tissues. Better outcomes depend on prompt titration of oxygen as indicated by maintaining SpO2 between 94-98% Define residual limb - Part of the body that remains after an amputation--for instance, the part of the thigh that remains following an above-the-knee amputation is the residual limb Define second impact syndrome - -Refers to a condition that occurs when the patient suffers a second mild TBI before recovery from the first, it is rare but usually fatal, especially in pediatric patients -The second impact causes loss of auto regulation leading to cerebral edema Define the components of and use for FOUR (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness) Score - -The FOUR score ranges from 0 to 16 and provides greater neurologic detail than the GCS score -The patient's total score suits from a summative score of 4 components of response that include: *Eye Response*