Biology LEAP 2025 Review Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Biology LEAP 2025 Review Study Guide with Complete Solutions The steps in protein synthesis (5) 1. transcription; When a copy of one side of the DNA strand is made, which is mRNA. 2. translation; mRNA moves from the nucleus, to the cytoplasm and then the ribosome. mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome, where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein. 3. mRNA goes through ribosome 3 bases at a time. 4. tRNA matches with the open DNA bases. 5. tRNA releases the amino acids at the top, that joins the rest of the chain of amino acids being produced. Steps of the Scientific Method (5) 1. Identify problem 2. Form Hypothesis 3. Collect Data 4. Analyze Data 5. Form Conclusions Enzymes Proteins that act as a catalyst that speed up chemical reactions. Macromolecules (4) Biotic molecules that make up living things. Such as lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic and proteins. Cell Transport The process of moving material in and out of cells. ATP Energy Energy released during cellular respiration. Difference between DNA and RNA DNA is a double stranded nucleotide containing deoxyibose and thymine. A ribosome is a single-stranded nucleic acid of nucleotide that contains the ribose and uracil. Organelles (3) A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. Ex: Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts etc. Cell Cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. Meiosis a type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. Mitosis cell division during which the cell nucleus divides