COMD 5070 - Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest updated 2024/2025 (100% Correct)

COMD 5070 - Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest updated 2024/2025 (100% Correct) what is science? what are the 4 features of the scientific method? - -empirical -deterministic -predictive -parsimonious what does it mean for science to be empirical? - based on data what does it mean for science to be deterministic? - obeys physical laws what does it mean for science to be predictive? - if you do this.... then that will happen what does it mean for science to be parsimonious? - uses the simplest explanation possible how many semitones are in one octave? - 12 semitones how much sampling is enough? - sample at 2x the rate of the highest frequency (e.g. data up to 5 kHz = sample at 10 kHz, data up to 100 Hz = sample at 200 Hz) what is the Nyquist frequency? - half the sample rate if you want to go up one octave, you ______ the frequency. - double if you want to go down one octave, you ______ the frequency. - halve what does a high pass filter do? - allows high frequencies through what does a low pass filter do? - allows low frequencies through what does a band pass filter do? - allows a band of frequencies through (mid) what does a band reject filter do? - holds back/attenuates a band of frequencies (allows high and low frequencies) what does a Fourier transform do? - creates a spectrum from the time domain waveform (deconstructs the waveform) what is the cake analogy to a Fourier transform? - analyze a cake to learn its ingredients what does a time domain display show? - -a waveform represents sound directly -air pressure changes over time what does a frequency domain display show? - a line spectrum shows the frequency components of a periodic sound what is a FFT spectrum? - fast Fourier transform -shows harmonic energy -each peak is a harmonic -less clear at showing formants what is FFT reveal more of? - vocal SOURCE what is a LPC spectrum? - linear predictive coding -shows spectral envelope (doesn't show individual harmonics) -good at revealing formants what does a LPC spectrum reveal more of? - vocal tract FILTER on a spectrum, a sine wave appears as ___________. - a single line a line spectrum is a _______ in time. - snapshot what is the x-axis in a speech spectrogram? - X = TIME what is the y-axis in a speech spectrogram? - Y = FREQUENCY COMD 5070 - Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest updated 2024/2025 (100% Solved) what does the darkness in a speech spectrogram represent? - darkness = INTENSITY what is the difference between perturbation and modulation? - modulation is much slower than random cycle-to-cycle perturbation; modulation is spread across many cycles what is jitter? - frequency perturbation what is shimmer? - amplitude perturbation what is tremor? - rhythmic change in fundamental frequency and amplitude hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - higher what does tremor sound like? - shakiness in the voice without roughness or hoarseness what does low modulation/high perturbation sound like? - rough but not wobbly.... sounds like Kermit what does high perturbation/high modulation sound like? - old woman .... ahhhHHHhhHHhHhH what does high modulation/low perturbation sound like? - aka vocal vibratto -opera singer