EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTION ON WK3&WK4 CELLS/TISSUES 24 MULTIPLE CHOICE 4 MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 2 ESSAYS 75 MINUTES TO COMPLETE (THURSDAY JUNE 3RD 6:15PM)

EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTION ON WK3&WK4 CELLS/TISSUES 24 MULTIPLE CHOICE 4 MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 2 ESSAYS 75 MINUTES TO COMPLETE (THURSDAY JUNE 3RD 6:15PM) #1 ESSAY QUESTION: CELLULAR RESPIRATION: COMPARE AND CONTRAST: 4 DIFFERENCES/ WRITE ALL THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ● KREBS CYCLE: the end product is either lactic acid or pyruvic acid. ● Oxygen present where is it going? Oxygen not present you have lactic acid being produced as a by product in anaerobic respiration. ● As long as there is oxygen available to tissue, a man running a marathon is going to be producing pyruvic acid once no oxygen then pyruvate gets into a shuttle and now the end product of pyruvate which is anaerobic respiration is lactic acid. Run marathon very end sprints to finish line the point all oxygen depleted. Nobody has to use anaerobic respiration. ● AEROBIC RESPIRATION: ○ Uses oxygen ○ BOTH USE STAGES:Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain ○ USE SITE OF REACTION: CYTOPLASM & MITOCHONDRIA ○ REACTANTS: glucose, oxygen ○ NO alcohol or lactic acid is made ○ CO2 and water are always made ○ Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through THE KREBS CYCLE when oxygen is present Aerobic respiration and then ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking (lactic acid). ● ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: ○ Does not use oxygen: PRODUCE OTHER BI PRODUCTS LACTIC ACID BUILDUP. ○ BOTH USE STAGES:Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain ○ BOTH USE SITE OF REACTION: CYTOPLASM ○ PRODUCES:Lactic Acid & Alcohol ○ REACTANTS : glucose, electron acceptor (not oxygen) ○ CO2 is sometimes made, water is never made #2 ESSAY QUESTION:COMPARE AND CONTRAST MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS ● MITOSIS: (FIG.4.14 PG.140) ○ One cell division ○ Daughter cells identical ○ Associated with growth and asexual reproduction ○ Starts out with diploid cells ends with 2 daughter cells after on division ○ 46 chromosomes in each daughter cell ○ # of chromosomes stay the same ○ Produced in somatic cells ■ PMAT: PHASES OF MITOSIS ● PROPHASE: Chromosomes become visible, spindle fibers form, and nuclear envelope breaks up.( Nuclear condensation) ● METAPHASE:Chromatids line up in the middle of the cell & spindle fibers pull them. ● ANAPHASE:Chromatids separate and move to the poles; spindle fibers pull them. ● TELOPHASE:Chromosomes disappear and the nucleus envelope forms daughter cells. ● CYTOKINESIS: the division of the cytoplasm into two cells. ● INTERPHASE: in this phase waiting for the next cell cycle. ● MEIOSIS: ○ Don't make identical copies ○ Produces gametes ○ Sexual reproduction ○ Egg and sperm cells are Haploid cells then 4 daughter cells produced after one division. (one division produces 4 daughter cells) ○ 23 chromosomes in each daughter cell ○ # chromosomes splits in half ○ MEIOSIS PROCESS: process in cell division where # of chromosomes decreases to half the original # occurs by 2 divisions of the nucleus and results in the production of 4 sex cells (gametes) ● BOTH MITOSIS/MEIOSIS: ○ Forms of cellular reproduction ○ Involve chromosomes from both parents(duplication of chromosomes)