CONTINENCE EXAM STUDY GUIDE

obstructed defecation syndrome - Answer-Most common cause is Pelvic floor dyssynergia, associated with impaired rectal sensation. Slow transit constipation - Answer-Delayed passage of feces through the colon. May be due to decreased peristalsis causing dry hard stool. TX: stool softeners and osmotic laxatives(MiraLax) Etiology: SCI, Parkinson's, MS, DM, Hypothyroidism, and CCK. anorectal manometry - Answer-measures the pressure activity of internal and external and sphincters and reflexes during rectal distention, relaxation during straining, and rectal sensation Endoanal ultrasonography - Answer-Probe rotates 360; evaluated internal and external anal sphincters. Gap or shading indicates defect in anal sphincter(s) MRI - Answer-magnetic resonance imaging; identifies thickness of anal sphincters. Defecography - Answer-the radiographic examination of the operation of the defecation process under fluoroscopy. A thickened barium contrast putty is injected into the rectum and then excreted by the patient while the radiologist looks on. Identifies pelvic floor dysfunction. Anal EMG - Answer-Incontinence r/t external sphincter. Replaced by MRI Barium Enema - Answer-View structure changes in colon colonoscopy - Answer-visual examination of the colon; looking for bowel disease or malignancy. motility studies - Answer-* Measures with radionuclide markers the rate of the passage of food from the stomach. video capsule or sitz marker test. Used to diagnose slow transit constipation. Acute diarrhea - Answer-less than 4 weeks. Somatic NS - Answer-controls voluntary muscles in defecation. Enteric NS aka Intrinsic innervation - Answer-Within the bowel itself. Function: colonic motility (paraistslsis). Not effected by SCI Autonomic NS aka Extrinsic innervation - Answer-Outside the bowel. Sympathetic and parasy