Exam 4: NUR265/ NUR 265 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Med-Surg | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Galen

Exam 4: NUR265/ NUR 265 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Med-Surg | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Galen QUESTION Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Progressive occlusion of the superior vena cava that leads to venous distention of upper extremities and head. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum Most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, directly compressing or invading the SVC wall QUESTION Superior Vena Cava Syndrome signs and symptoms Answer: -Swelling of the face and neck -Swelling of the arms -Dysphagia -Cough swelling of upper arms, head and torso, cyanotic skin appearance, and appearance of chest wall veins QUESTION Superior Vena Cava Syndrome treatment Answer: High dose radiation & chemother- apy to control cancer causing compression. surgery can be preformed but its rare QUESTION Hypercalcemia Answer: The main pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in malignancy is increased osteoclastic bone resorption, which can occur with or without bone metastases = net loss of bone structure but increase of calcium in the blood. QUESTION Hypercalcemia S/S Answer: increased thirst and urination, abdominal pain, nausea, bone pain, altered mental status (AMS), fatigue, kidney stones, muscle aches, cramping QUESTION Cancer Induced SIADH Answer: uncontrolled release of ADH leads to excess fluid volume. cancer cells or chemo drugs Evidenced by decreased Na+ and S&S of CHF QUESTION SIADH signs and symptoms Answer: Hyponatremia (low sodium). low BUN, low crea- tinine, low albumin. (decreased values are due to dilution). weight gain. N/V, pain, irritability, confusion, Neck vein distention QUESTION Pericardial Effusion and Pericardial Tamponade Answer: Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space which compresses the heart and impedes cardiac output. Risks occurs with breast, lung, esophageal cancers and heart transplants QUESTION Anaphylactic Reaction too much immunoglobulin E which