Advanced nursing 2 Study Guide with Answers

Advanced nursing 2 Study Guide with Answers Layers of the epidermis - ️️ -Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale (stratum germinativum) Stratum corneum - ️️ -The thin, most outer layer of the epidermis Stratum basale - ️️ -Cells originate from the inner most layer of the epidermis which is known as what? Dermis - ️️ -Layer of skin that provides tensile strength and protection for the underlying muscles, bones, and organs. Blood vessels, nerves, and fibroblasts - ️️ -The dermis contains what three things that are the only distinctive cell type in the dermis and are responsible for collagen formation? Wound or injury - ️️ -A disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body. Acute - ️️ -Caused by trauma or a surgical incision Chronic - ️️ -Caused by vascular compromise or chronic inflammation; it is a wound that fails to proceed through an orderly and timely process to produce anatomical and functional integrity. Fibrin - ️️ -Protein secreted from the liver Partial thickness wound repair - ️️ -These wounds are shallow and have loss of the epidermis and possibly the dermis layers of the skin (Scrape or abrasion) Full thickness wound repair - ️️ -These wounds extend into the dermis and will heal by scar formation due to deep structural damage (Pressure ulcers) Hemostasis - ️️ -The first phase in the healing process where injured blood vessels constrict and platelets gather to stop bleeding. A fibrin matrix is then formed that later provides the framework for cellular repair. Inflammatory phase - ️️ -The second phase in the healing process when mast cells secrete histamine initiating vasodilation of surrounding capillaries and movement of serum and white blood cells to damaged tissues. As a result, the patient may present with redness, edema (swelling), warmth, and throbbing pain. Proliferative phase - ️️ -Third phase of the healing process which begins and lasts from 3 to 24 days. Fibroblasts are present and synthesizes collagen; this provides the matrix for granulation and provides strength and structural integrity to a wound. Replacement tissue - ️️ -Collagen and granulation tissues are also known as what? Maturation - ️️ -The final stage of the healing process where the collagen scar gains strength and the scar tissue usually contains fewer melanocytes. Pressure ulcers - ️️ -Patients with decreased mobility, decreased sensory perception, fecal or urinary incontinence, and/or poor nutrition have an increased risk for development of what? Stage 1 - ️️ -Stage of a pressure ulcer that is classified as the skin being intact; however, the area is red in appearance and doesn't blanch with fingertip pressure. Stage 2 - ️️ -Stage of a