Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 13.

Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 13 Third line of defense Correct Answer- Adaptive immunity acquired only after an immunizing event such as infection B and T lymphocytes undergo a selective process that prepares them for reacting only to one specific antigen Immunocompetence Correct Answer- The ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances develops when B and T lymphocytes undergo a selective process that prepares them for reacting only to one specific antigen An infant is born with the theoretical potential to react to an extraordinary array of different substance Antigens/immunogens Correct Answer- Molecules that stimulate a response by B and T cells Protein of polysaccharide molecules on or inside all cells and viruses including your own Environmental chemicals can also be antigens Any exposed or released protein or polysaccharide is potentially an antigen even those on own cells - usually don't elicit response (autoimmune) Foreign molecules that stimulate and immune response Unlike PAMPs, antigens are highly individual and stimulate specific immunity Two features of specific immune response Correct Answer- Specificity and memory unlike anatomical barriers or phagocytosis - acquire immunity is specific Specificity Antibodies produced against the chickenpox virus will not function against the measles virus Memory rapid mobilization of lymphocytes that have been have programmed to "recall" their first engagement with an antigen and rush to the attack once again Lymphocytes work together with phagocytes difference between PAMPs and antigens Correct Answer- PAMPs - stimulate responses by phagocytic cells - nonspecific - shared by many types of microbes - innate response Antigens - highly individual - stimulate specific immunity Stages of immunologic development & interaction Correct Answer- Lymphocyte development & differentiation Presentation of antigens Challenge of B and T cells by antigens T-lymphocytes response: cell-mediated immunity B-lymphocyte response: production and activities of antibodies Lymphocyte development Correct Answer- All lymphocytes arise from the same basic stem cell type - diverge into two distinct types B cells mature in specialized bone marrow sites T cells mature in thymus Both cell types migrate to separate areas of lymphoid organs Migrate to areas in lymphoid organs (like spleen and lymph nodes) Both constantly recirculated through the circulatory system and lymphatics, migrating into and out of the lymphoid organs Activated by binding to an antigen, activated lymphocytes multiply Entrance and presentation of antigens Correct Answer- When pathogens carrying antigens cross the first line of defense and enter the tissues... Resident macrophages migrate to the site