EXAM 3 PSY 121 UNCG Questions and Answers with complete solution

Four Approaches - Answer-1.Psychodynamic 2.Humanistic 3.Social-Cognitive- only in the book 4.Trait Approaches Psychodynamic: Sigmund Freud - Answer-Dynamic = motion / change Important role of unconscious mind Freud's Theory of Mind - Answer-3 Parts: ID: seeks immediate pleasure SUPEREGO: try to behave nicely EGO: reality principle Defense Mechanisms - Answer-Ego prevents anxiety by making the id's desires more socially appropriate. Are unconscious and pathological. Repression: Expend energy to avoid a thought Projection: Attributing your negative desire to others Rationalization: Creating (bogus) justifications for your actions Humanistic: Maslow - Answer-Rejected "dark view" of Freudians. Drive to self-actualize. Drive to reach ultimate potential. Frustration, anxiety, result from incongruence of self Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - AnswerTrait - Answer-a stable tendency in thought, behavior, or personality that distinguishes people from one another Many psychologists agree 5 traits are the basis of human personality - Answer-Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism Counseling - Answer-Psychologists dealing with everyday problems involving adjustmentExamples: Marital therapy; bereavement/grief Clinical - Answer-Psychologists doing diagnosis and treatment of mental disordersExamples: Depression; drug dependency Psychiatry - Answer-MDs dealing with mental disorders Comorbidity - Answer-2+ disorders may co-occurin the same person Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5thEdition) - Answer--Published by American Psychiatric Association (APA) -Lists diagnostic criteria for each disorder -Major revision goal = increase reliability of diagnosis Four Criteria for Disorders - Answer-1.Is the behavior/thought process atypical? 2.Is the behavior/thought process maladaptive? Does it prevent the person from successfully functioning and adapting to life's demands? 3.Is the behavior/thought process personally distressing? 4.Is the behavior/thought process irrational? Anxiety vs. Fear - Answer-Fear: Occurs when there is real or apparent threat Anxiety: Occurs when there is apprehensive anticipation of future dangers Specific Phobias - Answer-Persistent fear of specific object or situation that is excessive or unreasonableGeneralized Anxiety Disorder - Answer--High anxiety without any clear cause for 6+ months -May be related to a biochemical dysfunction in the brain, involving GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter -Beck: People see the world as more dangerous than it actually is. - "It's always best to assume the worst" -Associated with more negative life experiences