Study Guide: Civics EOC exam Questions and Answers

Study Guide: Civics EOC exam Questions and Answers What is John Locke Known for? - Correct Answer ️️ -· The Social Contract · Natural Laws / Rights: Government protects "life, liberty, and property." · Influenced the Declaration of Independence What was social contract? - Correct Answer ️️ -· People gave away power to rule & some rights, but get back protection from the government Montesquieu: How did he influence the "Founding Fathers?" - Correct Answer ️️ -· Separation of Powers: three branches · Checks and Balances What are four concepts found in the Magna Carta that influenced the Founding Fathers? - Correct Answer ️️ -· Limited government · Trial by jury · Advisors lead to Parliament · Rule of Law List three rights that are found in the English Bill of Rights that are found in the US Bill of Rights: - Correct Answer ️️ -· Freedom of Speech · No cruel and unusual punishment · No taxes w/o consent Name three concepts in the Mayflower Compact that influenced the Founding Fathers: - Correct Answer ️️ -· Self-government · The rule of law · Social Contract What did Thomas Paine's Common Sense influence the Founding Fathers to do? - Correct Answer ️️ -· "Common Sense" to declare independence from Great Britain. Influenced Declaration of Independence List three things that the British did that made the Colonists angry? - Correct Answer ️️ -· Stamp Act · Quartering Act, Tea Act · No taxation w/o representation Who was the "Grievances" of the Declaration of Independence addressed to? King George III - Correct Answer ️️ -King George III What rights did Thomas Jefferson say every American is entitled to in the Declaration of Independence? - Correct Answer ️️ -Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Which Enlightenment philosopher influenced Jefferson in the "Natural Rights" section of the Declaration of Independence? - Correct Answer ️️ -John Locke List three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation: - Correct Answer ️️ -· One branch: no judicial or executive branch · No power to tax, regulate trade or enforce laws · Too rigid: 9 out 13 states to pass laws, 13 out of 13 to pass amendments List the goals of the Preamble and describe what they mean: - Correct Answer ️️ -• "We the people" - popular sovereignty the people are the source of government power • "A more perfect union" - to make a better country and a stronger government than under the Articles of Confederation • "Establish justice" - fairness/equality, represented by our court system • "Ensure domestic tranquility" - keep the peace inside the country - usually the police • "Provide the common defense" - keep the country safe from other countries, the military • "Promote the general welfare" - help people • "Secure the blessings of liberty" - provide freedom • "To ourselves and our posterity" - rights and freedom for now and the future Define Separation of Power: - Correct Answer ️️ -divide power into three branches Define Checks and Balances: - Correct Answer ️️ -Each branch checks the power of the others Provide an Example of Checks and Balances for each branch: - Correct Answer ️️ -• President vetoes a law • Congress can impeach the president or justices/judges • Supreme Court / Federal judges can declare laws unconstitutional Define the Rule of Law: - Correct Answer ️️ -Nobody is above the law, leaders must follow the law, protects citizens from tyranny & abuse of power What President demonstrated the Rule of Law: - Correct Answer ️️ -Richard Nixon Which Amendment defined citizenship? - Correct Answer ️️ -14th List five "qualifications" for becoming a naturalized citizen: - Correct Answer ️️ -• Must by 18 years old • Be a lawful permanent resident • Have lived in the US for five years