BIOD152 Module 7

T/F: The kidneys are long, thin muscular tubes - answer-False T/F: The bladder drains into the ureters - answer-False A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level with no spinal cord injury. Would you expect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not? - answer-No, the kidneys lie between T-12 and L-3 Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal capsule - answer-The renal capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which protects it from injury and infection Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal adipose capsule - answer-Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia - answer-The outer renal fascia is composed of dense, fibrous CT which functions to anchor the kidney in place in the abdominal cavity Renal medulla sections - answer-The renal medulla is divided into sections called pyramids that point toward the center of the kidney Outer layer of the kidney and the parts of the nephrons located in this region - answer-Cortex- located within the cortex are the glomerular capsule and the PCT and DCT sections of the nephrons These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids - answer-Interlobar arteries After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels - answer-Efferent arterioles Which of the following is true about the location of the bladder? A. In males, the rectum is anterior to the bladder B. In females, the vagina is behind the bladder C. In females, the bladder sits above the uterus D. In males, the bladder is below the prostate gland E. B&C are true F. A&D are true - answer-B. In females, the vagina is behind the bladder Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder? A. In males, the bladder is anterior to the rectum B. In females, the bladder is posterior to the uterus C. In females, the bladder is in between the rectum and the uterus D. In males, the bladder is above the prostate glands E. B&C are false F. A&D are false - answer-E. B&C are false: In females the bladder is posterior to the uterus & in females, the bladder is between the rectum and the uterus Describe the purpose of the urethral sphincters - answer--Involuntarily-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder -Voluntarily-controlled external urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle and surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor Based strictly on anatomical structural differences, are males or females more likely to get a UTI? Explain your answer - answer-Females, the female urethra is shorter and only carries urine while the male urethra is about 5 times longer. Since the female urethra is short and the external opening is close to the anus, improper wiping or poor hygiene after defecation can easily carry fecal bacteria into the urethra. Bacteria enter the urethra and travel up to the bladder, causing a urinary tract infection (UTI). A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing the difficulty? - answer-Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle This region of the male urethra exits the bladder - answer-Prostatic This region of the male urethra exits the body - answer-Spongy What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries - answer-The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pr