Praxis 5355 -Foundational Knowledge Exam Guide 2024

OHI (Other Health Impairment) - a general disability category under IDEA that includes a heart condition, cancer, leukemia, rheumatic fever, chronic kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, epilepsy, lead poisoning, diabetes, tuberculosis, Tourette syndrome and other communicable infectious diseases, hematological disorders, such as sickle cell anemia and hemophilia, nephritis, attention deficit disorder (ADD), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and which adversely affects a student's educational performance. Occupational Therapy (OT) - activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living Physical Therapy (PT) - treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques Accommodation - a change that helps a student overcome or work around the disability. These changes are typically physical or environmental changes. Modification - change "what" is learned and therefore change the content of the grade -specific curriculum Self Actualization - according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential Intrinsic Motivation - a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake Striving for Success - Describes actions of people who are motivated by highly developed social interest. Learned Helplessness - the tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past Functional Curriculum - a curriculum that emphasizes practical life skills rather than academic skills Social Curriculum - Learning social behavior appropriate for peer groups that are not friendship groups Supplementary Curriculum - required in special education when the needs of the student are not met by a traditional or existing curriculum Integrated Curriculum - a school curriculum that draws from two or more subject areas and focuses on a theme or concept rather than on a single subject Erikson's Psychological Development - 1- Trust vs. Distrust (birth-1) 2- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3) 3- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5) 4- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) 5- Identity vs. Role Confusion (11-22) 6- Intimacy vs. Isolation (22-40) (marriage) 7- Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65) (kids) 8. Integrity vs. Despair (65+) (winding down) Executive Functioning - the cognitive abilities and processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their actions Skill Transfer - The ability to apply a specific skill learned in one context to a different context. Skill Acquisition - developing of new skills, habits, quality Skill Generalization - The fact that even though a skill can be used in one environment, it doesn't mean it can be used in all environments. It's better to learn it in the environment it will be used in. Skill Synthesis - Involves using many separate skills to perform a particular task Behavioral Approach - in personality theory, this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development Cognitive Approach - An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. Constructivist Approach - A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher. Ecological Approach - an approach to perception maintaining that humans and other species are so well adapted to their natural environment that many aspects of the world are perceived without requiring higher-level analysis and inferences Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Principles - Three main principles of UDL..... Representation: UDL recommends offering information in more than one format.