HOSA behavioral health knowledge Questions
and answers latest update
Central Nervous system (CNS)
includes the brain and spinal cord
brainstem
contains midbrain, medulla, and pons
medulla
controls vital body functions ex: heart rate, breathing
pons
control the management of sleep, arousal, facial expression
cerebellum
maintaining balance and motor coordination
cerebellum
contains more neurons than the rest of the brain
midbrain
controls sensory reflexes, movement, pain
reticular formation
controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of serotonin and norepinephrine
thalamus
controls sensation, memory, states of consciousness; receives sensory input from most systems
basal ganglia
voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson's, also involved in OCD and ADHD
hypothalamus
involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates temperature, hunger thirst; directs ANS and
endocrine system
hippocampus
formation of long term memories
cingulate cortex
directs ANS; plays role in decision making, emotion, anticipation of reward, empathy
amygdala
,fear and aggression
nucleus accumbens
reward and pleasure
corpus callosum
connects hemispheres
cerebral cortex
thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most complex cognitive processes
Broca's area
speech production in left hemisphere
prefrontal cortex
planning behavior, attention, and judgement
orbitofrontal cortex
emotion, impulse control
occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex
parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect syndrome)
lateralization
localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language lateralized in the left hemisphere)
Peripheral Nervous System
nerves and ganglia outside the CNS; contains somatic and autonomic nervous systems
somatic nervous system
transmits commands for voluntary movement
autonomic nervous system
controls glands and organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
, sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight; expenditure of energy
parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest; storage of energy
enteric nervous system
nerve cells embedded in lining of gastrointestinal system; communicates with endocrine system;
source of 95% of boys serotonin
endocrine system
responsible for release of hormones into bloodstream; responses to input from hypothalamus
pineal gland
releases melatonin; maintenance of sleep-wake cycles
pituitary gland
master gland; stimulates activity of other glands
main parts of the neuron
soma (cell body), axons (transmit info), dendrites (receive info)
glial cells
provide structural matrix, clean up debris, form blood-brain barrier
myelin
insulating material covering axons; increase conduction
glial cells
cells that form scar tissue in the brain and spinal cord
young adulthood
The prefrontal cortex in myelinated in
action potential
electrical signal arising in a neurons axon
resting potential
electrical charge across membrane when neuron is not firing
action
The _________ potential is initiated when the membrane is depolarized to threshold
and answers latest update
Central Nervous system (CNS)
includes the brain and spinal cord
brainstem
contains midbrain, medulla, and pons
medulla
controls vital body functions ex: heart rate, breathing
pons
control the management of sleep, arousal, facial expression
cerebellum
maintaining balance and motor coordination
cerebellum
contains more neurons than the rest of the brain
midbrain
controls sensory reflexes, movement, pain
reticular formation
controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of serotonin and norepinephrine
thalamus
controls sensation, memory, states of consciousness; receives sensory input from most systems
basal ganglia
voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson's, also involved in OCD and ADHD
hypothalamus
involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates temperature, hunger thirst; directs ANS and
endocrine system
hippocampus
formation of long term memories
cingulate cortex
directs ANS; plays role in decision making, emotion, anticipation of reward, empathy
amygdala
,fear and aggression
nucleus accumbens
reward and pleasure
corpus callosum
connects hemispheres
cerebral cortex
thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most complex cognitive processes
Broca's area
speech production in left hemisphere
prefrontal cortex
planning behavior, attention, and judgement
orbitofrontal cortex
emotion, impulse control
occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex
parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect syndrome)
lateralization
localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language lateralized in the left hemisphere)
Peripheral Nervous System
nerves and ganglia outside the CNS; contains somatic and autonomic nervous systems
somatic nervous system
transmits commands for voluntary movement
autonomic nervous system
controls glands and organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
, sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight; expenditure of energy
parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest; storage of energy
enteric nervous system
nerve cells embedded in lining of gastrointestinal system; communicates with endocrine system;
source of 95% of boys serotonin
endocrine system
responsible for release of hormones into bloodstream; responses to input from hypothalamus
pineal gland
releases melatonin; maintenance of sleep-wake cycles
pituitary gland
master gland; stimulates activity of other glands
main parts of the neuron
soma (cell body), axons (transmit info), dendrites (receive info)
glial cells
provide structural matrix, clean up debris, form blood-brain barrier
myelin
insulating material covering axons; increase conduction
glial cells
cells that form scar tissue in the brain and spinal cord
young adulthood
The prefrontal cortex in myelinated in
action potential
electrical signal arising in a neurons axon
resting potential
electrical charge across membrane when neuron is not firing
action
The _________ potential is initiated when the membrane is depolarized to threshold
