Oceanography Test #2 SDSU Exam Questions And Answers 100% Verified

Oceanography Test #2 SDSU Exam Questions And Answers 100% Verified Water molecule (basic atomic structure) - answer1 oxygen (negative); 2 hydrogen (positive) Hydrogen bond: inter-molecular bonds (bond water molecules together) Polarity - answerWater is a polar molecule; electromagnetic H end: partial (+) charge, attracts (-) O end: partial (-) charge, attracts (+) thus, dissolves substances (universal solvent) 3 phases of water - answersolid (ice) liquid (water) gas (vapor) In order to make water change phases, you must either add or remove heat heat capacity (of water) - answeramount of heat required to raise temp. of 1 gm of a substance by 1 degree C water: 4.184 Salinity - answersalinity- total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water (35%: avg. salinity of seawater) Density - answerdensity- mass/volume salinity/density/temp - answerhigh latitudes=low salinity - high precipitation, low evap, river runoff, melting icebergs subtropical latitudes (30)=high salinity - high evap, low precipitation, low runoff equator=salinity in between - high evap, high precipitation max density of water - answerat 4 degrees C decreased in density w/ freezing; ice floats (less dense molecules are farther apart) most abundant salt ions - answerchloride sodium Application: salinity - answerMediterranean: sea dried up 6 mil. years ago, how do we know? - layers of solid rock salt are found below the sea Baltic Sea: Brackish (low salinity); sink Dead Sea: (high salinity), float Sources of salts - answer1. continental rocks (erosion) --> rivers 2. volcanic activity --> chloride released, under the sea and land 3. Hydrothermal vents Density Structure of the oceans - answer1. surface layer: 2%, mixed layer, driven by sun, warmest 2. Thermocline: 18%, rapid temp. decrease/depth 3. deep zone: 80%, dark, cold, salty, dense waters; density increases Thermocline - answeronly in tropical to temperate waters and absent at poles, bc the poles are cold to begin with; dramatic change in temp. Weather: what drives it? - answersun: delivering energy oceans atmosphere rotation of earth uneven solar absorption Characteristics of atmosphere (1-6): Solar radiation - answerequatorial region: 90 degree angle mid-latitudes: 45 degree angle polar regions: 30 degree angle - must spread same amount of light over more land