TAMU BIO 107 Exam 2 - Christopher Lee Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Already Passed

TAMU BIO 107 Exam 2 - Christopher Lee Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Already Passed What is a virus? - ✔✔a protein body made up of a capsid with DNA or RNA in it Viruses go in a host, then.. - ✔✔go through replication and assembly the host cell membrane is draped over the virus as the.. - ✔✔virus squeezes out through the cell wall a naked virus does not have.. - ✔✔envelope what is covid 19 - ✔✔a respiratory virus because the receptor it uses to get inside the body is only found in the lungs (ace 2) what did we not know about covid 19? - ✔✔-causes an overzealous inflammation in your lungs -fluid gets out of capillary beds so your lungs fill up with fluid and you drown what are the two ways vaccines work? - ✔✔1) take virus, chop into small pieces and put in a solution 2) attenuated (weakened), let your own immune system whoop it so we get used to it what are the two laws of thermodynamics? - ✔✔-conservation of energy -entropy what is conversion of entropy? - ✔✔energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be chang ed from one form to another what is entropy? - ✔✔when energy is changed from one form to another, there is a loss of energy which is left available to do work what are the three types of energy? - ✔✔kinetic --> motion potential --> stored chemical --> food chemoheterotroph - ✔✔an organism that gets its energy, what turns into glucose, from chemicals or other sources photoautotroph - ✔✔an organism that gets its energy, what turns into glucose, from sunlight what is a heterodant? - ✔✔an organism with all different sorts of teeth, typically omnivores exergonic reaction - ✔✔products have less free energy than reactants -release energy -occurs spontaneously endergonic reaction - ✔✔products have more free energy than reactants -requires energy input -does n ot occur spontaneously -all the biosynthesis in our cells ATP - ✔✔-a high energy compound used to drive metabolic reactions -not stored by cells When does ATP give off energy? - ✔✔when bond breaks on terminal phosphate and becomes adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate what is the equation for Gibbs Free Energy? - ✔✔ΔG = ΔH - TΔS change in Gibbs free energy is equal to the change in heig ht minus the time times the change in speed ATP hydrolosis - ✔✔ATP power pumps, drive against the gradient. Drives sodium and potassium in opposite directions, against their gradients -is an exodrolysis negative process (goes with water being split) penicillin - ✔✔-a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme that interferes with bacterial cell wall construction Lysosyme - ✔✔-in our saliva and kills bacteria -this enzyme is what makes it so that (SUGAR FREE) gum can help kill bacteria, by chewing it you release saliva and thus end up killing a fair amount of bacteria Cyanide - ✔✔-uncouples electron transport chains and inhibits enzymes required for ATP production -no ETC = no ATP --> no electrical currency -ETCs are in eukaryotes and prokaryotes OIL RIG - ✔✔oxidation is loss of electron reduction is gain of electron enzymes - ✔✔-they bind substrates and kick out a product -they oxidize, reduce, or rearrange a substrate cellular respiration - ✔✔glucose + oxygen --> CO2 + H2O + ATP -comes from photosynthesis -photoautotrophs use CO2 and sunlight to make glucose What is a cramp? - ✔✔sustained, involuntary muscle contraction - no ATP to get the myosin heads to let go what is a cramp called when you're dead? - ✔✔rigor mortis