NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharm Exam 2 (Respiratory, GI, Cardiac, lipid drugs, anticoagulation): Latest Updated A+ Guide Solution

Glucocorticoid mechanism of action (Ans- works to stop the inflammatory process in the lungs, preventing bronchoconstriction. Stabilizes WBC membranes that release bronchial constricting substances, increases bronchial smooth muscle beta adrenergic stimulation. Forms of Glucocorticoids (Ans- Inhaled: used for asthma and is the most tolerated and fast acting, but can also be IV for systemic effects on the body. AE of glucocorticoids (Ans- throat and mouth irritation, dry mouth, oral fungal infections. Pt teaching for glucocorticoids (Ans- must teach patients to rinse mouth out after steroid use to prevent oral fungal infections, take bronchodilator 5 mins before steroid. Tiotropium mechanism of action (Ans- treats maintenance therapy and bronchospasm in patients with COPD. Will block muscarinic receptors in lungs how can we administer tiotropium? (Ans- inhaler What should we not use tiotropium for? (Ans- asthma Tiotropium onset and therapeutic level timeframes (Ans- Therapeutic effects start 30 min post inhalation, peaks in 3 hrs, and lasts 24 hrs. With consistent dosing, bronchodilation will improve after 8 days. Anticholinergic side effects (Ans- blurred vision, dry mouth, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention How can we help aid patient experiencing anticholinergic effects? (Ans- give hard candy or fluids to suck on OTC sympathomimetics and cardiac patients (Ans- Sympathomimetics stimulate the immune system and cause vasoconstriction widespread and interfere with BP. Found in many cold and allergy medications. Patients with cardiac problems must have caution with use of these drugs and hyperte Loop Diuretics Furosemide Thiazide Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) K Sparing Diuretics Spironolactone