BIOLOGY 104 UVIC Final Exam Study Set |Q&A Correctly Solved| Graded A+

BIOLOGY 104 UVIC Final Exam Study Set |Q&A Correctly Solved| Graded A+ Node *Ans* A branch point that represents the most recent common anscestor phylogenetic tree *Ans* A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms Phylogeny *Ans* Evolutionary history of a species interspecific hybridization *Ans* members of two closely-related species might be able to produce fertile offspring that qualify as a new species (more common in plants) horizontal gene transfer *Ans* A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism (most common in plants) Basal taxon (outgroup) *Ans* A taxon whose evolutionary linage diverged early in the history of the group Taxonomic (Linnaen) Hierarchy *Ans* Species, Grade, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain (Since grade school my families ordered class photos) Systemics *Ans* The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms binomial nomenclature rules *Ans* 2 part name for an organism- Genus & species Genus- is capitalized species- is not BOTH ITALICS Taxon (taxa) *Ans* a taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class into which organisms are classified monophyletic taxon *Ans* Contains a common ancestor and ALL of its descendants (clade) Smaller clade means *Ans* Closer relation Out group or basal taxon *Ans* Least related to other animals in the phylogenetic tree Polyphyletic taxa *Ans* includes species with different ancestors paraphyletic taxa *Ans* include an ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants parisomy principle *Ans* Preferring the simplest among a set of plausible explanations of any phenomenon.... "the most probable clade is the one that invoke the fewest evolutionary changes" (simple=better) evolutionary relationships *Ans* defined by the relative time elapsed since taxa last shared a common ancestor... cannot be determined by adding u