Dr. Stanley Microbiology Exam 2 Study Guide Questions 100% Correct!!

What is the difference between activation of complement by the classical pathway, the alternate pathway, and the lectin pathway? Which of these pathways does not function solely in the nonspecific immune response? What is the end result of each? - ANSWER-Classical-Ab;Ag (Antibodies and Antigens) -Alternate-Lipid A and cell wall pieces -Lectin- MBL + mannose -End result for all is MAC membrane attack complex -Alternate pathway uses innate immune response What is the difference between a nonspecific immune response and a specific immune response? - ANSWER-non specific immune response is fast b/c it automatically reacts to a foreign invader. -specific immune response takes a little longer to develop What are leukocytes? List the two major divisions, and give an example of each, along with their function in the immune response. - ANSWER-leukocytes are cells that protect against Ag *Granulocytes-- neutrophils, basophiles and eosinophils basophiles are responsible for inflammation during immune response. *Agranulocytes-monuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes lymphocytes are primarily responsible for specific immune responses. What role do PAMPs and TLRs play in the control of infection? - ANSWER-work together to tell the macrophages what to eat and what not to eat. -PAMP is the signal on the Ag that alerts the TLR on the macrophage that its bad. Why are burn victims so susceptible to infection? - ANSWERMissing the protecting barrier of the skin to help prevent infection. Allows Ag to get in the body Describe at least three physical barriers to infection and how they work. - ANSWER-urination is the removal of unwanted micro organisms -skin layer is a tightly packed barrier of cells that prevent micro organisms to get in. -mucous membrane traps the organisms and flushes them out the body. How does the complement cascade function to kill microorganisms? Would this system work against all viruses? Why/Why not? - ANSWER-It pokes holes in the membrane thru MAC complex -Viruses do not have membranes and the complex only works against things with w/ membranes.