CCHT Exam Review 2023/2024 Questions and Answers (updated questions and answers)

The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work, is the: - ANSWERS Nephron A nephron is made up of: - ANSWERS A glomerulus and a tubule The endocrine functions of the kidney includes: - ANSWERS Making erythropoietin and the active form of vitamin D The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease for adult in the United States is: - ANSWERS Diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by: - ANSWERS Hyperphosphatemia Why do kidney patients often have bone disease? - ANSWERS Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include: - ANSWERS Anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that: - ANSWERS Allow for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles: - ANSWERS From an area of higher concentration Negative pressure is pressure created when: - ANSWERS Fluid is pulled through a restriction During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when: - ANSWERS Water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure? - ANSWERS The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane? - ANSWERS High concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance includes: - ANSWERS Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include: - ANSWERS Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that help remove waiste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What are the substances that might be prescribed for a dialysate solution? - ANSWERS Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment - ANSWERS The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures: - ANSWERS The total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause: - ANSWERS Headache, high BP, and shriveling of RBCs (crenation) Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause: - ANSWERS Vomiting, confusion, irritabilit