EMT - Ch. 38 Pediatrics Exam |Question and Answers|

EMT - Ch. 38 Pediatrics Exam |Question and Answers| What is the leading cause of fatal injuries in children under 14 yrs of age? *Answer* Trauma Describe the different "age" groups when referring to the following: Neonate, Infant, Toddler, Preschooler, School-age child & Adolescent. *Answer* Neonate: birth - 1 mo of age Infant: 1 mo-1 yr Toddler: 1-3 yrs Preschooler: 3-6 yrs School-Age: 6-12 yrs Adolescent: 12-18 yrs Neonate characteristics: *Answer* totally dependent on others for survival. Birth defects & unintentional injuries are common causes of emergencies. Infant characteristics: *Answer* will usually let you undress them, lay them on a warm, flat surface, and touch them with warm hands & equipment (stethoscope, splints). Older infants (>6mos) will cry when separated from caregiver. Assessment should start at feet or trunk and end with the head. Toddler characteristics: *Answer* ~Do not like to be touched, so limit touch to necessary assessment & mgmt needs ~Do not like to be separated from caregiver ~Do not like having their clothing removed ~Do not like having an oxygen mask over their face. To them it is frightening & noisy. ~Do not like needles, they fear pain, and they may actually believe that the injury or illness they have is a punishment. Allow toddler to take favorite blanket, toy, etc with them. Preschooler characteristics: *Answer* This age group has concrete thinking & interpret literally what they hear. They also have vivid imaginations and are able to dramatize events. Explain medical procedures slowly & in simple terms. Allow the child to see your equipment in full view before using it and, if possible, let the child touch the stethoscope or other equipment. have a caregiver present if possible. School-Age Children Characteristics: *Answer* Children age 6 & up are usually more cooperative, even curious. This age group can be easiest to manage. Honesty is very important with school-age children. Modesty & body image also are issues at this age. Adolescent Characteristics: *Answer* Adolescents are concrete thinking but are developing their abstract thinking skills. This age group believes that nothing bad can happen to them or, that they are invincible. They may take risks that lead to trauma. Use a