HESI-Exit-and-NCLEX-Exam-Gems With Complete Solution 2023/2024

• 11-12.5 sec (INR and PT TR = 1.5-2 times normal) o APTT (Heparin) • 60-70 sec (APTT and PTT TR = 1.5-2.5 times normal) o BUN 10-20 o Creatinine 0.5-1.2 o Glucose 70-110 o Cholesterol < 200 o Bilirubin Newborn 1-12 o Phenylalanine Newborn < 2, Adult < 6 o Na+ 136-145 o K+ 3.5-5 • HypoK+ . . . Prominent U waves, Depressed ST segment, Flat T waves • HyperK+ . . . Tall T-Waves, Prolonged PR interval, wide QRS o Ca++ 9-10.5 • Hypocalcemia … muscle spasms, convulsions, cramps/tetany, + Trousseau’s, + Chvostek’s, prolonged ST interval, prolonged QT segment o Mg+ 1.5-2.5 o Cl- 96-106 o Phos 3-4.5 o Albumin 3.5-5 o Spec Gravity 1.005-1.030 o Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hgb A1c): 4-6% ideal, < 7.5% = OK (120 days) o Dilantin TR = 10-20 o Lithium TR = 0.5-1.5 o Arterial Blood Gases … Used for Acidosis vs. Alkalosis • PH 7.35-7.45 • CO2 35-45 (Respiratory driver) … High = Acidosis • HCO3 21-28 (Metabolic driver) … High = Alkalosis • O2 80-100 • O2 Sat 95-100% • Antidotes o Digoxin … Digiband o Coumadin … Vitamin K (Keep PT and INR @ 1-1.5 X normal) o Benzodiazapines … Flumzaemil (Tomazicon) o Magnesium Sulfate … Calcium Gluconate?