TAMU bio 111 lab exam 2 review 2024/2025 Questions And Answers 100% Solved | 100% Pass

What is the difference between the coding and non-coding region? - Coding region: comprised of genes that encode proteins (instructions that determine traits) and makes up 1-2% of human DNA. • Noncoding region: makes up 98-99% of human DNA, contains STRs and is responsible for regulatory functions such as gene transcription. What are STRs? - Short-tandem repeats (STRs) are unique repeating patterns of the same nucleotide sequence. They can be used to differentiate one person from another. What is a DNA profile? - A DNA profile is a specific pattern of DNA attributes that is obtained in the lab and can be used to identify an individual. • DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics (profile) from a sample of bodily tissue What does PCR stand for? What is the purpose of PCR? - Polymerase Chain Reaction • Purpose is to amplify DNA. In forensics, this can be used to obtain more DNA from a sample that would otherwise be too small to analyze. What is inside the master mix? - 3 pairs of primers, loading dye, nucleotides (dNTPs), Taq polymerase, mix buffer, and water. DNA sample is added to master mix. What are the components of PCR and what do they do? - • Template: the DNA from the sample specimen serves as the template for replication • Primers: short stretches of DNA that initiate the PCR reaction. • Required for annealing and Taq binding at specific sites • Base sequences are complementary to the ends of the template DNA • Taq polymerase: adds dNTPs to the template strand • Reads the original DNA sequence and creates a complimentary copy by adding in the new DNA bases • Nucleotides (dNTPs): DNA bases (A, C, G, and T) serve as the building blocks of DNA and are used to assemble new strands of DNA • Buffer: enables the reaction to take place by ensuring the right conditions are met (controls pH)