Critical Care Transport Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

Critical Care Transport Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Sickled cells - Answer-Red blood cells that are less deformable and do not pass through microcirculation as easily, cause an increase in blood viscosity, and are sequestered and destroyed by the liver and spleen Acute chest syndrome - Answer-Condition that accounts for 25% of premature deaths in patients with sickle cell disease; the leading cause of hospitalization and death of sickle cell patients; symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, new infiltrates on chest x-ray; no definitive therapy, only supportive care Integrilin, ReoPro, and Aggrastat - Answer-The three glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitors that bind to a platelet receptor glycoprotein and inhibit platelet aggregation 760 mmHg/1 atm - Answer-Barometric pressure at sea level Physiologic zone - Answer-Atmospheric zone; sea level-10,000 ft; human body is well adapted; adequate pressure to allow for oxygen exchange, impairments are frequently due to changes in pressure (ascent or descent) Physiologically deficient zone - Answer-Atmospheric zone; 10,000-50,000 ft; noticeable deficits to humans; reduced barometric pressure results in poor oxygen exchange; most noticeable impairment is hypoxia (trapped gases can also cause hypoxia) Space equivalent zone - Answer-Atmospheric zone; 50,000-250,000 ft; environment incompatible with human life; pressurized suits and sealed cabins required; impairments include hypoxia, trapped gas, and emboli Boyle's Law - Answer-Gas law; When temperature remains constant, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure; As a gas bubble ascends, it expands. As it descends, it gets smaller; P1(V1) = P2(V2) Charles' Law - Answer-Gas law; At a constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature; For every 1,000 ft (333 meters) of altitude increase, temperature decreases 2 degrees Celsius; V1/T1 = V2/T2 Ideal Gas Law - Answer-Gas law; created to explain Boyle's Law vs. Charles Law; It takes a large amount of temperature change to affect a small amount of volume; pV = nRT (absolute pressure of gas x volume = amount of substance x gas constant x absolute temperature) Dalton's Law - Answer-Gas law; The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual partial pressure of all the gas in the mixture; As altitude increases, the amount of oxygen molecules decreases, but the percentage of molecules remains the same; Pt = P1 + P2 + P3... (Pt = total pressure of a gas) Henry's Law - Answer-Gas law; The amount of gas in a solution is proportional to the partial pressure of gas in contact with the liquid; decompression sickness: increased nitrogen absorbed into the blood at depth, nitrogen "bubbles" exit the blood with rapid change in air pressure; soda bottle: CO2 held in suspension by pressure, lid is removed and CO2 exits to equalize with atmospheric pressure; P = KHC Graham's Law - Answer-Gas law; With temperature and pressure held constant, the relative rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square roots of the density of those gases; The less dense the gas, the more rapidly the gas will diffuse through the air; Lighter gases diffuse more rapidly in narrowed peripheral airways (heliox); CO2 has a solubility factor 19 times greater than O2 and will more rapidly diffuse across a membrane 15 PSI/1 atm - Answer-Amount of pressure at 33 ft of ocean depth indifferent stage - Answer-first of the four stages of hypoxia; sea level to 10,000 ft in altitude; 33,000-39,000 ft if breathing 100% oxygen; SpO2 of 90-95%; night vision lost 5,000 ft; slight increase in heart rate and respiratory rate