Natural Science Final Exam Study Guide

Biology - ANSWER-The study of life and living things cell membrane - ANSWER-the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell Cells - ANSWER-the basic units that make up all living organisms Chloroplast - ANSWER-the organelle in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight to build organic molecules Chromosomes - ANSWER-DNA containing structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm - ANSWER-the part of the cell that is outside the nucleus DNA - ANSWER-deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms; a double-stranded molecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to a series of nitrogenous bases Eukaryotes - ANSWER-Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, such as animals and plants mitochondria - ANSWER-organelles that break down food molecules to provide the energy that cells need to carry out their function nucleus - ANSWER-a structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cells DNA Organelles - ANSWER-structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that have specific functions organism - ANSWER-an individual living thing such as a plant or an animal Prokaryote - ANSWER-organisms whose cells have no nucleus, such as bacteria active transport - ANSWER-transport across the cell membrane in which energy is required from the cell ATP - ANSWER-adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that provides energy for most cellular process