Cell Structure and Function Exam-Questions and Answers Graded A+

Cell Structure and Function Exam-Questions and Answers Graded A+ What are cells? - ANSWER-The smallest units of living things. Most are microscopic. What are the 3 principals of cell theory? - ANSWER-1) all living things are made of cells 2) smallest unit of structure and function of all organisms 3) all cells arise from preexisting cells (this principal discarded the idea of spontaneous generation) What is spontaneous generation? - ANSWER-The idea that all living things come from nonliving things. What is biogenesis? - ANSWER-The idea that living things can only come with other living things (proven true by Redi and Pasteur). Explain the area to volume ratio of cells. - ANSWER-The smaller the size of the cell, the greater the surface area. What is beneficial about the area to volume ratio of cells? - ANSWER-It makes it more efficient for materials to move in and out of the cell. Because the surface area is larger when cells are smaller, materials like carbon dioxide and water can leave and enter easily. What are the characteristics of all cells? - ANSWER-All have a surrounding membrane, cytoplasm (cell contents and thick fluid), organelles (structure of cell function), and a control center with DNA. What are the two types of cells? What is the difference between them? - ANSWER-Prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotes have no nucleus and are the most simple type of cells. They do have a nucleoid which is where the DNA is held, and the organelles within prokaryotes are not bound by their membranes. Eukaryotes are different because they do have a nucleus bound by their membrane and they posses many organelles. Give an example of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. - ANSWER-Prokaryotes: bacteria and archea. Eukaryotes: fungi, protists, plant and animal cells. If an organism is multicellular it will always be eukaryotic. However, unicellular organisms can be eukaryotic, but multicellular organisms can never be prokaryotes. What is cytoplasm and all its components? - ANSWER-Cytoplasm is thick fluid that contains all the organelles of the cell. Its components are: interconnected filaments and fibers, fluid (cytosol), organelles (not nucleus), and storage substances. What is the plasma membrane and all its parts? - ANSWER-The plasma membrane is the double layer of phospholipids and proteins. The parts include: 1) the lipid bilayer, 2) proteins, and 3) carbohydrates. If the carbohydrates are attached to a lipid, it is a glycolipid. If attached to a protein, it is a glycoprotein.