AP Biology Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+

AP Biology Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ What are the 2 theories of evolution? Explain each Gradualism- geologic changes result from slow, gradual, continuous process Punctuated Equilibrium- Long period of stasis punctuated by short bursts of significant change. What was Lamarck's theory and why was it wrong? Lamarck = Inheritance of Acquired characteristics- traits acquired during lifetime could be passed on What is natural selection Comptetition for limited resources results in differential survival Populations evolve, NOT individuals Variations exist -> differential reproductive success -> results in changes in genetic composition of a population What are the types of evidence for evolution - Fossil record - Homology - DNA -Embryology What are homologous structures similar anatomy from common ancestors (ex: whale pelvic bone) What are vestigial structures Historic remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors but are no longer essential, ex: appendix What are analogous structures Adapted similar structures due to similar environment What are some reproductive barriers? Give both prezygotic & postzygotic Prezygotic- impede fertilization - Habitat isolation - Diff mating seasons - Behavioral: diff mating rituals - Gametic: no sperm/egg fusion Postzygotic- prevent viable development - Hybrid won't survive to adulthood - Sterile hybrids - Only 1st generation of hybrids is sterile What are allopatric and sympatric speciation? A- Geographically isolated (sad squirrels) S- Overlapping geographic area, but don't reproduce What is adaptive radiation Many new species arise from a single common ancestor