NR503 - Epidemiology Midterm.docx

prevalence - correct answer number of existing cases / number of population incidence - correct answer number of new cases / number of persons at risk of developing disease relationship between incidence and prevalence - correct answer prevalence = incidenceXduration relationship between incidence rate and mortality rate - correct answer mortality rate easier to obtain than incidence - use when case-fatality rate is high - use when duration of disease is short importance of surveillance - correct answer - monitor changes in disease frequency - monitor changes in levels of risk factors - conducted for infectious disease passive surveillance - correct answer - disease reporting is mandated or requested with responsibility for reporting often falling on health care provider or health officer - depends on individual and staff - relatively inexpensive - easy to develop initally active surveillance - correct answer - project staff recruited to carry out surveillance program - more accurate b/c it is conducted by individuals who have been specifically employed to carry out responsibilities numerator - correct answer number of health events denominator - correct answer population at risk absolute risk - correct answer - incidence of disease in population - indicates magnitudes of risk in group of people with certain exposure - does not indicate whether exposure is associated with an increased risk of disease relative risk - correct answer - risk of exposed / risk of unexposed mortality rate - correct answer total no. of deaths from all causes / no. of persons in population X 1000 case-fatality - correct answer no. of people during specific period of time / no. of people who have the disease X1000 validity - correct answer ability to distinguish between who has disease and who does not sensitivity - correct answer ability of test to identify correctly those who have the disease specificity - correct answer ability of test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease attack rate - correct answer no. of people who became ill / no. of people who partcipated