Understanding the brain- neuroanatomy
exam questions with latest update
Ectoderm - ANSWER-Embryonic layer that develops into the skin and nervous system
Mesoderm - ANSWER-embryonic layer that develops into muscles, bones and tendons
endoderm - ANSWER-embryonic layer that gives rise to gastrointestinal, respiratory,
and urinary tracts
neuropores - ANSWER-openings of the neural tube that are the last to close during
development
Hindbrain - ANSWER-Composed of the cerebellum, medula and pons
Forebrain - ANSWER-composed of the telecephalon and diencephalon
diencephalon - ANSWER-thalamus and hypothalamus
Telencephalon - ANSWER-cerebral cortex
Topographic map - ANSWER-Describes the organized arrangement of a map of
sensory information represented in neural tissue. For example, a "somatotopic map" is
the organization of the representation of the body such that neighboring parts of the skin
are represented in neighboring parts of the brain. The thumb is represented very close
to the index finger.
Bipedal - ANSWER-walks on two legs
Quadraped - ANSWER-Animal that walks on four legs
Sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-Involved in "fight, flight, or fright" responses
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-Involved in "rest and digest" or "feed and
breed" responses
Fixating - ANSWER-looking directly at an object
Focusing - ANSWER-adjusting the lens in the eye to maintain a clear image on the
retina
Visual field (left/right) - ANSWER-Visual side of the world relative to the fixation point
Ipsilateral - ANSWER-on the same side. Your right arm is ipsilateral to your right leg.
, Contralateral - ANSWER-on the opposite side. Your left eye is contralateral to the right
hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.
when is the central nervous system formed? - ANSWER-21 -28 days of gestation
when is the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm formed - ANSWER-14 to 21 days of
gestation
The neural tube is the developmental origin for which of the following? - ANSWER-
spinal cord and hind,mid & fore brain
neurotube closure must happen by... - ANSWER-day 28 of gestation
neural tube defects - ANSWER-congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord
caused by incomplete development of the neural tube
posterior neural hole - ANSWER-bottom of the spine
anterior neural hole - ANSWER-top of the spine
what happens if the posterior neural hole doesn't close? - ANSWER-Spina Bifida
What happens if the anterior neural hole doesn't close? - ANSWER-anencephaly -
forebrain doesn't develop
encephalocile - brain sits at back of head
not survivable
A neural tube defect can result in - ANSWER-miscarriage
Spina bifida can be a condition without - ANSWER-a symptom
what prevents about 90% of neural tube defects - ANSWER-Folic Acid
telencephalic hemispheres - ANSWER-telencephalon after it divides to form the left and
right hemispheres
The midbrain is the - ANSWER-middle vesicle in the 3-vesicle stage (the first stage of
the neural tube when there are 3 vesicles)
What part of the brain forms the retina? - ANSWER-diacephalon
The right telencephalic hemisphere expands - ANSWER-forward, backwards, to the
right side
exam questions with latest update
Ectoderm - ANSWER-Embryonic layer that develops into the skin and nervous system
Mesoderm - ANSWER-embryonic layer that develops into muscles, bones and tendons
endoderm - ANSWER-embryonic layer that gives rise to gastrointestinal, respiratory,
and urinary tracts
neuropores - ANSWER-openings of the neural tube that are the last to close during
development
Hindbrain - ANSWER-Composed of the cerebellum, medula and pons
Forebrain - ANSWER-composed of the telecephalon and diencephalon
diencephalon - ANSWER-thalamus and hypothalamus
Telencephalon - ANSWER-cerebral cortex
Topographic map - ANSWER-Describes the organized arrangement of a map of
sensory information represented in neural tissue. For example, a "somatotopic map" is
the organization of the representation of the body such that neighboring parts of the skin
are represented in neighboring parts of the brain. The thumb is represented very close
to the index finger.
Bipedal - ANSWER-walks on two legs
Quadraped - ANSWER-Animal that walks on four legs
Sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-Involved in "fight, flight, or fright" responses
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-Involved in "rest and digest" or "feed and
breed" responses
Fixating - ANSWER-looking directly at an object
Focusing - ANSWER-adjusting the lens in the eye to maintain a clear image on the
retina
Visual field (left/right) - ANSWER-Visual side of the world relative to the fixation point
Ipsilateral - ANSWER-on the same side. Your right arm is ipsilateral to your right leg.
, Contralateral - ANSWER-on the opposite side. Your left eye is contralateral to the right
hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.
when is the central nervous system formed? - ANSWER-21 -28 days of gestation
when is the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm formed - ANSWER-14 to 21 days of
gestation
The neural tube is the developmental origin for which of the following? - ANSWER-
spinal cord and hind,mid & fore brain
neurotube closure must happen by... - ANSWER-day 28 of gestation
neural tube defects - ANSWER-congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord
caused by incomplete development of the neural tube
posterior neural hole - ANSWER-bottom of the spine
anterior neural hole - ANSWER-top of the spine
what happens if the posterior neural hole doesn't close? - ANSWER-Spina Bifida
What happens if the anterior neural hole doesn't close? - ANSWER-anencephaly -
forebrain doesn't develop
encephalocile - brain sits at back of head
not survivable
A neural tube defect can result in - ANSWER-miscarriage
Spina bifida can be a condition without - ANSWER-a symptom
what prevents about 90% of neural tube defects - ANSWER-Folic Acid
telencephalic hemispheres - ANSWER-telencephalon after it divides to form the left and
right hemispheres
The midbrain is the - ANSWER-middle vesicle in the 3-vesicle stage (the first stage of
the neural tube when there are 3 vesicles)
What part of the brain forms the retina? - ANSWER-diacephalon
The right telencephalic hemisphere expands - ANSWER-forward, backwards, to the
right side
