WGU - C175 - Flash Cards

3 Vs - answer-Three basic characteristics of Big Data databases: volume, velocity, and variety. abstract data type (ADT) - answer-Data type that describes a set of similar objects with shared and encapsulated data representation and methods. A(n)___ is generally used to describe complex objects. See also class. ad hoc query - answer-A "spur-of-the-moment" question. alias - answer-An alternative name for a column or table in a SQL statement. ALTER TABLE - answer-The SQL command used to make changes to table structure. When the command is followed by a keyword (ADD or MODIFY), it adds a column or changes column characteristics. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - answer-The group that accepted the DBTG recommendations and augmented database standards in 1975 through its SPARC committee. analytical database - answer-A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making. AND - answer-The SQL logical operator used to link multiple conditional expressions in a WHERE or HAVING clause. It requires that all conditional expressions evaluate to true. application programming interface (API) - answer-Software through which programmers interact with middleware. A(n)___ allows the use of generic SQL code, thereby allowing client processes to be database server-independent. atomic attribute - answer-An attribute that cannot be further subdivided to produce meaningful components. For example, a person's last name attribute cannot be meaningfully subdivided. atomicity - answer-The transaction property that requires all parts of a transaction to be treated as a single, indivisible, logical unit of work. All parts of a transaction must be completed or the entire transaction is aborted. attribute - answer-A characteristic of an entity or object. A(n)___ has a name and a data type. availability - answer-In the context of data security, it refers to the accessibility of data whenever required by authorized users and for authorized purposes. AVG - answer-A SQL aggregate function that outputs the mean average for a specified column or expression. balancing - answer-Ensuring that the processing load is distributed evenly among multiple servers. BETWEEN - answer-In SQL, a special comparison operator used to check whether a value is within a range of specified values. Big Data - answer-A movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost. binary relationship - answer-An ER term for an association (relationship) between two entities. For example, PROFESSOR teaches CLASS. Boolean algebra - answer-A branch of mathematics that uses the logical operators OR, AND, and NOT. Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) - answer-A special type of third normal form (3NF) in which every determinant is a candidate key. A table in ___ must be in 3NF. See also determinant. Business intelligence (BI) - answer-A comprehensive, cohesive, and integrated set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data with the purpose of generating and presenting information to support business decision making. business rule - answer-A description of a policy, procedure, or principle within an organization. For example, a pilot cannot be on duty for more than 10 hours during a 24-hour period, or a professor may teach up to four classes during a semester. candidate key - answer-A minimal superkey; that is, a key that does not contain a subset of attributes that is itself a superkey. See key. cardinality - answer-A property that assigns a specific value to connectivity and expresses the range of allowed entity occurrences associated with a single occurrence of the related entity. cascading order sequence - answer-A nested ordering sequence for a set of rows, such as a list in which all last names are alphabetically ordered and, within the last names, all first names are ordered. class - answer-A collection of similar objects with shared structure (attributes) and behavior (methods). A(n)___ encapsulates an object's data representation and a method's implementation. ___ are organized in a class hierarchy. class diagram notation - answer-The set of symbols used in the creation of class diagrams in UML object modeling. class diagrams - answer-A diagram used to represent data and their relationships in UML object notation. class hierarchy - answer-The organization of classes in a hierarchical tree in which each parent class is a superclass and each child class is a subclass. See also inheritance. client - answer-Any process that requests specific services from server processes in a