Infectious Disease: Transmission
Named Transmission Causative Brief description Description of the transmission
Disease organism of the disease
Covid-19 Water droplets Virus an infectious Covid-19 spreads from person to
disease that person, especially in close contact.
spreads from an When an infected individual speaks,
infected individual coughs, or sneezes, tiny droplets
to an uninfected containing the virus are released into
individual through the air, making it an airborne disease.
human These droplets can be inhaled by
transmission. It nearby individuals or land on
causes mild surfaces, leading to transmission
respiratory through contact. Crowded
illness.(1) environments like public
transportation, indoor gatherings with
infected individuals, and even
outdoor settings can increase the
spread of the virus. (2)
Herpes Human to Simplex Herpes show as Herpes can be transmitted through
human virus painful blisters or direct contact between an infected
cold sores around individual and an uninfected person.
the mouth, and oral-genital contact can facilitate
have flu-like transmission. kissing someone with
symptoms. oral herpes can lead to infection
Healing from these around the eyes, mouth, and
sores can take genitals. The virus can also enter the
more than a week. body through cuts, rashes and burns.
(3) (5)
Toxoplasmosis Animal to Parasite Toxoplasmosis can Toxoplasmosis is a disease that can
human be passed from be transmitted from animals to
animals to humans mainly cats. The litter of cats
humans, with cats may contain Toxoplasma parasites. If
being a common someone comes into contact with cat
example. Their waste and accidentally eats them, it
waste may contain can lead to toxoplasmosis.(8)
Toxoplasma
parasites, and
eating of
contaminated cat
waste can lead to
toxoplasmosis.(6)
, Malaria Vectors- fleas, Parasite Malaria can infect Malaria is caused by insects such as
lice, ticks, people and result mosquitos. The mosquito that carries
mosquitos in spleen rupture, the parasite bites the human which
as well as damage injects the contaminated blood
to the kidneys and containing the pathogen and infects
liver. Additionally, it the person causing them to
can lead to experience symptoms such as a high
anaemia by fever and shaking. (9)
infecting red blood
cells, reducing the
oxygen supply to
the body. (9)
Norovirus Surfaces Virus Norovirus is a This can be spread by being in direct
stomach bug that contact with people who may be
causes vomiting infected. Surfaces that infected
and diarrhoea for people touch can also carry the
two days before pathogen. Placing contaminated food
symptoms start to on surfaces can also transmit the
clear (11) disease. An infected person may
have diarrhoea which can spread to
surfaces, transmitting the disease.
(10)
Cholera Contaminated Bacteria Cholera is a Cholera is caused by consuming dirty
water disease water that can contain the cholera
transmitted by bacteria inside, the source of cholera
drinking dirty water is mainly from faeces. Cholera can
which could cause infected individuals to
contain pathogens experience diarrhoea
Salmonella Contaminated Bacteria Salmonella can be Salmonella is transmitted through
food found in a variety poor handling of food. Salmonella
of foods and can can be passed through foods that
causes diarrhoea have not been cooked throughout
and stomach pain and also through contaminated
people touching uncontaminated
food.(12)
Named Transmission Causative Brief description Description of the transmission
Disease organism of the disease
Covid-19 Water droplets Virus an infectious Covid-19 spreads from person to
disease that person, especially in close contact.
spreads from an When an infected individual speaks,
infected individual coughs, or sneezes, tiny droplets
to an uninfected containing the virus are released into
individual through the air, making it an airborne disease.
human These droplets can be inhaled by
transmission. It nearby individuals or land on
causes mild surfaces, leading to transmission
respiratory through contact. Crowded
illness.(1) environments like public
transportation, indoor gatherings with
infected individuals, and even
outdoor settings can increase the
spread of the virus. (2)
Herpes Human to Simplex Herpes show as Herpes can be transmitted through
human virus painful blisters or direct contact between an infected
cold sores around individual and an uninfected person.
the mouth, and oral-genital contact can facilitate
have flu-like transmission. kissing someone with
symptoms. oral herpes can lead to infection
Healing from these around the eyes, mouth, and
sores can take genitals. The virus can also enter the
more than a week. body through cuts, rashes and burns.
(3) (5)
Toxoplasmosis Animal to Parasite Toxoplasmosis can Toxoplasmosis is a disease that can
human be passed from be transmitted from animals to
animals to humans mainly cats. The litter of cats
humans, with cats may contain Toxoplasma parasites. If
being a common someone comes into contact with cat
example. Their waste and accidentally eats them, it
waste may contain can lead to toxoplasmosis.(8)
Toxoplasma
parasites, and
eating of
contaminated cat
waste can lead to
toxoplasmosis.(6)
, Malaria Vectors- fleas, Parasite Malaria can infect Malaria is caused by insects such as
lice, ticks, people and result mosquitos. The mosquito that carries
mosquitos in spleen rupture, the parasite bites the human which
as well as damage injects the contaminated blood
to the kidneys and containing the pathogen and infects
liver. Additionally, it the person causing them to
can lead to experience symptoms such as a high
anaemia by fever and shaking. (9)
infecting red blood
cells, reducing the
oxygen supply to
the body. (9)
Norovirus Surfaces Virus Norovirus is a This can be spread by being in direct
stomach bug that contact with people who may be
causes vomiting infected. Surfaces that infected
and diarrhoea for people touch can also carry the
two days before pathogen. Placing contaminated food
symptoms start to on surfaces can also transmit the
clear (11) disease. An infected person may
have diarrhoea which can spread to
surfaces, transmitting the disease.
(10)
Cholera Contaminated Bacteria Cholera is a Cholera is caused by consuming dirty
water disease water that can contain the cholera
transmitted by bacteria inside, the source of cholera
drinking dirty water is mainly from faeces. Cholera can
which could cause infected individuals to
contain pathogens experience diarrhoea
Salmonella Contaminated Bacteria Salmonella can be Salmonella is transmitted through
food found in a variety poor handling of food. Salmonella
of foods and can can be passed through foods that
causes diarrhoea have not been cooked throughout
and stomach pain and also through contaminated
people touching uncontaminated
food.(12)
