NCLEX - PN Review - CARDIOVASCULAR questions and answers 2024/2025

NCLEX - PN Review - CARDIOVASCULARthe nurse is assigned to assist with caring for a client after cardiac catheterization. the nurse should plan to maintain bed rest for this client in which position? a) high-Fowler's position b) lateral (side-lying) position c) head elevation of 45 degrees d) head elevation of no more than 30 degrees - correct answer d) head elevated of no more than 30 degrees rationale after cardiac catheterization, the extremity into which the catheter was inserted is kept straight for the prescribed time period. the client may turn from side to side. the client is placed in the supine position and the head of the bed is not elevated to more than 30 degrees to keep the affected leg straight at the grain and prevent arterial occlusion. bathroom privileges are not allowed during the immediate postcatheterization period. for the high-fowler's position, the head of the bed is elevated 90 degrees. a postcardiac surgery client with a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 45 mg/dl and a serum creatinine level of 2.2 mg/dl has a total 2-hour urine output of 25 ml. the nurse understands that the client is at risk for which? a) hypovolemia b) acute kidney injury c) glomerulonephritis d) urinary tract infection - correct answer b) acute kidney injury rationale the client who undergoes cardiac surgery is at risk for acute kidney injury from poor perfusion, hemolysis, low cardiac output, or vasopressor medication therapy. kidney injury is signaled by a decreased urine output and increased BUN and creatinine levels. the client may need medications to increase renal perfusion and could need peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. the nurse is preparing to ambulate a postoperative client after cardiac surgery. the nurse plans to do which to enable the client to best tolerate the ambulation? a) provide the client with a walker b) remove the telemetry equipment c) encourage the client to cough and deep breathe d) premedicate the client with an analgesic before ambulating - correct answer d) premedicate the client with an analgesic before ambulating rationale the nurse should encourage regular use of pain medication for the first 48 to 72 hours after cardiac surgery, because analgesia will promote rest, decrease myocardial oxygen consumption caused by pain, and allow better participation in activities such as coughing, deep breathing and ambulation.