Last Test for POLS 3331

In class, we covered six types of infrastructure: telecommunications, wastewater, energy, transportation, housing, and water. It's important to focus on the latter three. Telecommunications services are generally subject to state sales taxes, but certain services, such as long-distance telephone services, commercial radio and television, and a portion of monthly internet access service charges, are exempt. City sales taxes on telecommunications services are exempt unless repealed by the city council. Water and wastewater infrastructure projects are facing funding shortfalls due to construction cost increases. Wastewater rates in the budget are set to increase by 5% compared to the previous year. Wastewater service charges contribute to overall city revenues. The estimated mean housing price in the city is $260,000. The City Council meetings contain important material that you should be familiar with. Terms and cases to know include Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda v. AZ, Mapp v. OH, Gideon v. Wainwright, busing, single-family housing, multi-unit housing, and zoning. Hotel Occupancy Tax, Sales Tax, and Property Tax are important revenue sources for the city, and understanding their calculations is necessary. The City Council consists of various officials, such as the Mayor, Council Members, City Manager, City Attorney, and City Secretary, each with their respective roles and responsibilities.