Culture and Social Structure Section Unit 3 Review Guide Exam Questions And Answers

Culture and Social Structure Section Unit 3 Review Guide Exam Questions And Answers Define Culture - ANS An umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Define Value - ANS The core principles and ideals upon which an entire community exists. This is made up of several parts: customs, which are traditions and rituals; values, which are beliefs; and culture, which is all of a group's guiding values. Define Belief - ANS Beliefs that are learned and shared across groups of people. Given a set of questions, all on the same topic, shared cultural beliefs or norms regarding the answers can be estimated by aggregating the responses for each question across a sample of culture members. Define Practice - ANS Cultural practice is the manifestation of a culture or subculture, especially in regard to the traditional and customary practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural group. What is the difference between a habit and a custom? - ANS Habit is a personal phenomenon while custom is a social phenomenon. A custom is formed on the basis of habit gaining the sanction and the influence and, therefore, the social significance which is peculiar to it. Customs are social habits which through repetition become the basis of an order of social behaviour. What are Cultural Variations? - ANS Cultural variation refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different cultures exhibit around the world. Cuisine and art all change from one culture to the next, but so do gender roles, economic systems, and social hierarchy among any number of other humanly organised behaviours. What are Cultural Universals? - ANS An element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures worldwide. Taken together, the whole body of cultural universals is known as the human condition. What are subcultures? - ANS A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture. What are countercultures? - ANS A way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.