7th Grade Civics EOC Exam Review: Florida

7th Grade Civics EOC Exam Review: Florida Baron De Montesquieu - View "separation of power" Founding Fathers used his views when writing the Constitution. He described the separation of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary John Locke - He wrote that government is morally obligated to serve people, namely by protecting their natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Think-Declaration of Independence John Locke "Social Contract" - A social contract is the belief that the state only exists to serve the will of the people. He believed when government violates individual rights, people were obligated to rebel. Think - Declaration of Independence/American Revolution Magna Carta (1215) - First document to limit the powers of the king - signed in 1215. Citizens could not be deprived of life, liberty or property without a lawful judgment of their peers or by law of the land. Represented by the fifth amendment. English Bill of Rights (1689) - Established freedom from taxation without representation, outlawed cruel and unusual punishment, guaranteed the right to bear arms, and many other rights. Many of these same rights are included in the U.S. Constitution. Mayflower Compact (1620) - First document to establish self-government in the colonies. Signed before the passengers left the ship, The Mayflower, to settle in Plymouth Colony. Common Sense (Thomas Paine) - Pamphlet encouraging colonists to demand their rights as citizens and support independence for the colonies. Ideas are echoed in the Declaration of Independence. Self-Government - Government or control of a country by its own members rather than by members of a different country. Declaration of Independence - Statement of American ideals -role of government is to protect their natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) - adopted July 4, 1776. Also listed grievances against the king. Colonists were angry over being taxed without their consent (no taxation without representation).