Biol 240 Exam 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!

Anatomical position - Answer-body erect, feet parallel, eyes forward, arms at side, palms forward Coronal Plane - Answer-any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections Transverse Plane - Answer-any horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions Sagittal Plane - Answer-any vertical plane parallel to the median sagittal plane Median Sagittal - Answer-a vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves Longitudinal - Answer-any plane that sections an element parallel to its long axis superior or cranial - Answer-refers to one structure being above or closer to the head than another inferior or caudal - Answer-refers to one structure being below or closer to the feet or tail bone (coccyx) than another anterior or ventral - Answer-refers to one structure being in front of another posterior or dorsal - Answer-refers to one structure being behind another medial - Answer-refers to one structure being closer to the median sagittal plane than another lateral - Answer-refers to one structure being farther away from the median sagittal plane than anotherproximal - Answer-refers to a structure of the upper limb or lower limb that is closer to the root (attachment) of the limb than another distal - Answer-refers to a structure of the upper or lower limb that is farther away from the root of the limb than another palmar - Answer-the ventral surface (palm) of the hand or fingers dorsal - Answer-the dorsal surface (back) of the hand or fingers plantar - Answer-the ventral surface (bottom or sole) of the foot or toes dorsal - Answer-the dorsal surface (top) of the foot or toes superficial or external - Answer-refers to one structure being closer to the outside or exterior surface than another deep or internal - Answer-refers to one structure being closer to the center or middle of the head, trunk or limbs than another axial region - Answer-cephalic (head), cervilic (neck), thoracic, abdominal, pubic (genital), upper limb, manus (hand), lower limb, pedal (foot) appendicular region - Answer-upper limb, manus (hand), lower limb, pedal (foot), cephalic, cervical, back (dorsal) projection - Answer-attachment sites for muscles and ligaments tuberosity - Answer-large rounded projectioin may be roughened crest - Answer-narrow ridge of bone, usually prominenttrochanter - Answer-very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur) line - Answer-narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest tubercle - Answer-small rounded projection or process epicondyle - Answer-raised area on or above a condyle spine - Answer-sharp; slender, often pointed projection process - Answer-any bony prominence articulations - Answer-surfaces that form joints head - Answer-bony expansion carried on a narrow neck facet - Answer-smooth, nearly flat articular surface condyle - Answer-rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa depressions and openings - Answer-third kind of bone markings foramen - Answer-rough or oval opening through a bone groove - Answer-furrow fissure - Answer-narrow, slitlike openingnotch - Answer-indentation at the edge of a structure fossa - Answer-shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface meatus - Answer-canal-like passageway sinus - Answer-cavity within a bone, filled with air and lines with mucous membrane body cavities - Answer-closed to the outside, and each contains internal organs, think of them as filled cavities, like toy boxes containing toys functions of body cavities - Answer-house and support organs, compartmentalize organs, diseases cannot spread cutaneous membrane - Answer-skin-dry membrane but secretes oil synovial membrane - Answer-lining of moveable joints mucous membrane - Answer-secrete mucus (lubrication and protection), respitory and digestive systems serous membrane - Answer-line thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities, double layer, secretes serous fluid parietal serous membrane, visceral serous membrane - Answer-lines the walls of body cavities, covers the organs parital - Answer-= wall pleura - Answer-= side peritonium - Answer-= stretched around