CPCE STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

CPCE STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Kohlberg - Correct Answer ️️ -arguably the leading theorist in moral development Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erick Erickson's stages are - Correct Answer ️️ -psychosocial In Freudian theory instincts are emphasized . Erik Erickson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists___ - Correct Answer ️️ -believe in a man's power of reasoning to control behavior. Freud vs. Erikson - Correct Answer ️️ -Freud stressed the importance of the id while Erikson stressed ego functions. Ego is the thought center; control to keep impulses in check. Id is driven by sexual desire (not logical) The only psychoanalyst who created a development theory which encompasses the entire life span is____ - Correct Answer ️️ -Erik Erikson; Erikson is a psychoanalyst who studied under Freud. He created a theory with 8 stages - the final stage doesn't start until 60 = his theory covers all of life. Erikson's 8 Stages of Development - Correct Answer ️️ -0-2 yrs. Trust vs. Mistrust, 2-4 yrs. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, 4-5 yrs. Initiative vs. Guilt, 5-12 yrs. Industry vs. Inferiority, 13-19 yrs. Identity vs. Role Confusion, 20-24 yrs. Intimacy vs. Isolation, 25-64 yrs. Generatively vs. Stagnation, 65- death Ego Integrity vs. Despair Piaget was ___ - Correct Answer ️️ -the leading name in cognitive development in children The statement, "the ego is dependent on the id," would most likely reflect the work of - Correct Answer ️️ -Sigmund Freud; in Freudian theory the id is emphasized because it's also the pleasure principle and houses animalistic instincts. William Perry stressed - Correct Answer ️️ -dualistic thinking; common in teens in which things are conceptualized as good or bad, or right and wrong. **focused on teens and college students Jean Piaget's theory has what four stages - Correct Answer ️️ -1. sensorimotor 2. preoperations 3. concrete operations 4. formal operations Some behavioral scientists have been critical for the Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's developmental research for what reason? - Correct Answer ️️ -his findings were often derived from observing his own kids Piaget's term conservation refers to ___ - Correct Answer ️️ -the notion that a substance's weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if it changes shape Trick for remembering conservation - Correct Answer ️️ -conservation, counting, and concrete operations all start with C (Piaget's theory states that during the concrete operational stage is when individuals also begin counting) In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to___ - Correct Answer ️️ - volume or mass A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as - Correct Answer ️️ - concrete operations Who expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of Moral Development? - Correct Answer ️️ -Lawrence Kolhberg According to Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the concrete operations (3rd) stage. What is an example of reversibility? - Correct Answer ️️ -one can undo an action, or an object can return to its initial shape. (pouring water from the new glass back into its original glass.) During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2) says, "The rain is following me." This is an example of - Correct Answer ️️ - egocentrism; by egocentrism Piaget was implying that a child cannot yet view the world from a vantage point of someone else. **not that the child is egocentric/ self centered. Lawrence Kohlberg's three stages of moral development - Correct Answer ️️ -1. Preconventional 2. conventional 3. post conventional (sometimes called personal integrity) What is Kohlberg's Heinz Story - Correct Answer ️️ -A woman is dying and needs a medication that costs $2000- They cannot afford it and the doctor won't lower the cost of the medication/ allow the husband to pay out the sum over a period of time. So the husband breaks in to steal the medication. Should he have done that? The term identity crisis comes from the work of ___ - Correct Answer ️️ -Erikson; he felt that in an attempt to find out who they really are, teens will experiment with various roles. Who coined the term "positive psychology"? - Correct Answer ️️ -Abraham Maslow. Later popularized by Martin Seligman What does Positive Psychology study? - Correct Answer ️️ -refers to the study of human strengths; joy, wisdom, altruism, the ability to love, and happiness. trust v. mistrust is - Correct Answer ️️ -Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development A person who has successfully mastered Erikson's first seven stages would then be ready to enter the 8th and final stage called what? - Correct Answer ️️ -integrity v. despair In Kohlberg's preconventional level (1st), the individual's moral behavior is guided by what? - Correct Answer ️️ -Consequences Kohlberg's conventional morality stage (2nd) is characterized by what? - Correct Answer ️️ -the desire to live up to society's expectations and to conform to society. According to Kohlberg, level 3, (which is post conventional or self-accepted moral principles) is___ - Correct Answer ️️ -is the highest level of morality. However some people never reach this level. What is the most important factor in person-centered therapy? - Correct Answer ️️ -the client/counselor relationship A basic part of social identity theory is - Correct Answer ️️ -collective identity People want their environments to be predictable and by joining groups a person identifies with they are facilitating predictability. This is called what? - Correct Answer ️️ -Uncertainty reduction Assessments that match a person's unique traits to a career are called: - Correct Answer ️️ -Personality tests The zone of proximal development was pioneered by whom? - Correct Answer ️️ -Lev Vygotsky Freud and Erickson could be classified as __ - Correct Answer ️️ -maturationists; maturation theory suggests that behavior is guided by exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment. John Bowlby's name is closely associated with __ - Correct Answer ️️ -bonding and attachment; bonding and attachment as having survival value (adaptive significance. He insisted that in order to lead a normal social life the child must bond with an adult before the age of 3. *Bowlby starts w B and so does bondin