Memory Exam Questions And Answers 2024 With Complete Solution

MEMORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION Identify the main type of coding used in each of the following components of the multi-store model of memory: Short term memory Long term memory [2 marks] Ans- Short term memory = acoustic (accept sound or similar). Long term memory = semantic (accept meaning or similar). Memory studies are sometimes criticised for being unrealistic. Briefly explain two ways that this criticism could be addressed in memory research. [4 marks] Ans- Researchers could use environments that are natural for participants such as school classrooms when learning and recalling information Researchers could ensure that the task are everyday tasks for their participants, such as learning definitions if they are student participants Realistic stimuli can be used to recall information such as visual tasks so that they more closely reflect everyday memory tasks. Different methodology/data collection techniques Zina witnessed a violent incident. The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim. Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious. Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious. The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda. Their statements were very different. Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina's and Amanda's statements are different. [4 marks] Ans- When anxiety/arousal is high, as is the case for Zina, this leads to a decrease in accuracy/detail compared with Amanda. This is supported by research, e.g. Johnson and Scott who found that those in the high anxiety condition were less likely to accurately identify the man. This is supported by research, e.g. Duffenbacher (1983) meta-analysis found that high levels of anxiety negatively affected the memory of eyewitnesses. When anxiety/arousal is high, as is the case for Zina, this leads to increased accuracy/detail compared with Amanda. This is supported by research evidence, e.g. Christianson and Hubinette where victims were more accurate than onlookers. This is supported by research, e.g. Yuille and Cutshall's study where those witnesses that were close to the shooting were accurate, even months later.