Edexcel as level mathematics statistics question paper 21 may 2023
Actual significance level - ANSThe probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (ie the chance
that an observed result would fall in the critical region purely by chance if the model assumed by the null
hypothesis were true).
Binomial model - ANSWhere there are a fixed number of trials; exactly two possible outcomes; a fixed
probability of success at each trial and trials are independent of each other
Bivariate data - ANSData which has pairs of values for two variables
Census - ANSObserves or measures every member of a population
Classes - ANSGroups in a grouped frequency table
Conditional probability - ANSWhen the known occurrence of one event effects the probability of
subsequent events.
Continuity correction - ANSAdjusting the values of discrete variables to their upper and lower bounds
when approximating with a continuous distribution such as the normal distribution
Continuous variable - ANSA variable that can take any value in a given range
Correlation - ANSThe nature of the linear relationship between two variables
Critical region - ANSA region of the probability distribution which, if the test statistic falls within it, leads to
a rejection of the null hypothesis
Discrete variable - ANSA variable that can take only specific values in a given range
Explanatory (independent) variable - ANSThis variable could be controlled by the researcher, and would
usually be plotted on the x axis of a scatter graph
Extrapolation - ANSMaking a prediction based on a value outside the range of the given data
Frequency polygon - ANSThe region formed by joining the middle of the top of each bar in a histogram
Hypothesis - ANSA statement, which can be tested, about the value of a population parameter
Hypothesis test - ANSA statistical test that is used to determine whether there is enough evidence in a
sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population.
Interpolation - ANSMaking a prediction for the dependent variable within the range of the given data set
Linear interpolation - ANSThe method of approximating percentile or quartile frequencies within grouped
data, assuming data is evenly distributed within each group.
Mutually exclusive - ANSWhen events have no outcomes in common such that they cannot both occur at
the same time.
Normal distribution - ANSA continuous probability distribution, which is symmetrical about the mean. It
forms a bell shaped curve with points of inflection one standard deviation above and below the mean
one-tailed / two-tailed test - ANSA one-tailed test only has a critical region at one end of the distribution,
whereas a two-tailed test has both extremes of the distribution included
Opportunity (convenience) sampling - ANSNon-random sampling technique in which elements are
selected based on availability at the time of sampling, chosen to fit required criteria.
Actual significance level - ANSThe probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (ie the chance
that an observed result would fall in the critical region purely by chance if the model assumed by the null
hypothesis were true).
Binomial model - ANSWhere there are a fixed number of trials; exactly two possible outcomes; a fixed
probability of success at each trial and trials are independent of each other
Bivariate data - ANSData which has pairs of values for two variables
Census - ANSObserves or measures every member of a population
Classes - ANSGroups in a grouped frequency table
Conditional probability - ANSWhen the known occurrence of one event effects the probability of
subsequent events.
Continuity correction - ANSAdjusting the values of discrete variables to their upper and lower bounds
when approximating with a continuous distribution such as the normal distribution
Continuous variable - ANSA variable that can take any value in a given range
Correlation - ANSThe nature of the linear relationship between two variables
Critical region - ANSA region of the probability distribution which, if the test statistic falls within it, leads to
a rejection of the null hypothesis
Discrete variable - ANSA variable that can take only specific values in a given range
Explanatory (independent) variable - ANSThis variable could be controlled by the researcher, and would
usually be plotted on the x axis of a scatter graph
Extrapolation - ANSMaking a prediction based on a value outside the range of the given data
Frequency polygon - ANSThe region formed by joining the middle of the top of each bar in a histogram
Hypothesis - ANSA statement, which can be tested, about the value of a population parameter
Hypothesis test - ANSA statistical test that is used to determine whether there is enough evidence in a
sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population.
Interpolation - ANSMaking a prediction for the dependent variable within the range of the given data set
Linear interpolation - ANSThe method of approximating percentile or quartile frequencies within grouped
data, assuming data is evenly distributed within each group.
Mutually exclusive - ANSWhen events have no outcomes in common such that they cannot both occur at
the same time.
Normal distribution - ANSA continuous probability distribution, which is symmetrical about the mean. It
forms a bell shaped curve with points of inflection one standard deviation above and below the mean
one-tailed / two-tailed test - ANSA one-tailed test only has a critical region at one end of the distribution,
whereas a two-tailed test has both extremes of the distribution included
Opportunity (convenience) sampling - ANSNon-random sampling technique in which elements are
selected based on availability at the time of sampling, chosen to fit required criteria.
