Nursing Fundamentals Exam 2 Key terms and Detailed explanations For Exam Review

ANA Standards of Nursing Practice - ###"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations" (ANA, 2010a, p. 6). Six Standards of Practice (Hint: Nursing Process) - ###assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation Nursing Process - ###Systematic method that directs the nurse and patient. Critical Pathways - ###Target desired outcomes for particular illnesses, procedures, or conditions. Database for computerized documentation. If a nursing action is not documented then... - ###It was never preformed Concept Mapping - ###An instructional strategy in which learners identify, graphically display, and link key concepts. Concept map care planning can be used to promote critical thinking about patient problems and treatment of problems. Reflective Practice (Gibbs) - ###Purposeful activity that leads to action, improvement of practice, and better patient outcomes. About looking at an event, understanding it, and learning from it. Cognitive Compitencies - ###Developing and attaining critical thinking skills. Technical Competencies - ###Learning/knowing specific nursing related hand-on skills. Interpersonal Competencies - ###Nurse-patient relationship. Ethical/Legal Competencies - ###Know the legal boundaries of your practice, be familiar with policies and procedures and study the ANA Code of Ethics. Assessing - ###The systematic and continuous collection, analysis, validation, and communication of patient data. A ___________ includes all the pertinent patient information collected by the nurse and other health care professionals. - ###Database Assessing involves - ###• Preparing for data collection • Collecting data • Identifying cues and making inferences • Validating data • Clustering related data and identifying patterns • Reporting and recording data Nursing HX - ###Identifies the patient's health status, strengths, health problems, health risks, and need for nursing care. Nursing assessments should be - ###Purposeful, prioritized, complete, systematic, factual and accurate, relevant and recorded in a standard manner. (See Ch. 11 p. 235) Initial Assessment - ###Comprehensive assessment preformed shortly after admission of pt. The nurse collects data concerning all aspects of the patient's health, establishing priorities for ongoing focused assessments and creating a reference baseline. Focused Assessment - ###The nurse gathers data about a specific problem that has already been identified. Quick Priority Assessment - ###Short, focused, prioritized assessments you do to gain the most important information you need to have first. Emergency Assessment - ###Assessment preformed by the nurse in the case of a physiological or psychological crisis to identify the life-threatening factors. (Pt c stab wound, pt who says their life is in immediate danger.) Time-Lapsed Assessment - ###Scheduled to compare a patient's current status to the baseline data obtained earlier. Can be comprehensive or focused. Minimum Data Set - ###Specifies the information that must be collected from every patient and uses a structured assessment form to organize or cluster this data. (Ex: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs) Methods of Data Collection - ###Patient interview, physical assessment, nursing HX, objective and subjective data can be utilized. (Objective - Observed / Subjective - Spoken) Cue - ###The subjective and objective data you identify ("the patient does not respond when I speak to him on his left side") is a cue that something may be wron