Pedorthics Final Exam All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

What does a pedorthist do? - Answer-A pedorthist understands the properties of footwear and the interaction between a patient's foot and the device or shoe, which makes them skilled at evaluating feet and fitting footwear Anatomical planes - Answer-Coronal, sagittal, transverse Columns of the foot - Answer-Medial - 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform Middle - 2nd/3rd metatarsal, intermediate/lateral cuneiform Lateral - 4th/5th metatarsal, cuboid Sections of the foot - Answer-Forefoot - distal phalanges 1-5, intermediate phalanges 2-5, proximal phalanges 1-5, metatarsals 1-5 Midfoot - medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular Hindfoot (rearfoot) - talus, calcaneus Name the joints of the foot and ankle complex - Answer-Talocrural (ankle); subtalar (talocalcaneal); transverse tarsal (midtarsal, Chopart) [talonavicular, calcaneocuboid]; tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc); metatarsophalangeal (MTP); proximal/distal interphalangeal (PIPs, DIPs) Type of joint & motions: talocrural - Answer-Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantarflexion Type of joint & motions: subtalar - Answer-Oblique condyloid; pronosupination Type of joint & motions: transverse tarsal - Answer-TN - ball & socket; inversion, eversion CC - modified saddle; inversion, eversion [oblique, longitudinal] Type of joint & motions: tarsometatarsal - Answer-PlanarType of joint & motions: metatarsophalangeal - Answer-Condyloid; DF, PF, adduction, abduction, circumduction Type of joint & motions: interphalangeal - Answer-Hinge; flexion, extension Four levels of PF amputation - Answer-Subtalar, Chopart, Lisfranc, MTP 4 purposes of the foot - Answer-Shock absorption, rigid propulsion, adverse terrain, structural platform Three arches of the foot - Answer-Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse Bones of medial arch - Answer-Calcaneus, navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, mets 1-3 Bones of the lateral arch - Answer-Lateral tubercle of calcaneus, cuboid, mets 4-5 Bones of the transverse arch - Answer-Cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 1-5 Ligaments of medial arch - Answer-Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), plantar aponeurosis, short/long plantar Ligaments of the lateral arch - Answer-Short & long plantar Ligaments of the transverse arch - Answer-Deep transverse ligaments Muscles of medial arch - Answer-Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus Muscles of lateral arch - Answer-Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, plantar fascia, intrinsicsMuscles of transverse arch - Answer-Adductor hallucis, interossei, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis Bones that form the basis of weight bearing - Answer-Met heads (specifically 1,5), calcaneus Column that is most weight bearing - Answer-Lateral Which is the stronger side of the ankle and why? - Answer-Lateral; ligament positioning & fibula bony stop What determines the motion of each joint? - Answer-Angle of joint (oblique) Motion of talocrural joint axis - Answer-See saw Motion of subtalar joint axis - Answer-Triplanar motion Plane, section, joint: dorsiflexion & plantarflexion - Answer-Plane - sagittal Section - ankle; hindfoot Joint - talocrural; subtalar Plane, section, joint: inversion & eversion - Answer-Plane - coronal Section - hindfoot; forefoot Joint - subtalar; tarsometatarsal